Unit 1- Information Technology

Eltham High School

Business & Information Technology Department
Mrs. Anderson Simpson
 Information
Technology Systems

Layout
Difficult roads often leads to beautiful destinations.
Information System
This is the study or collection of components that
work together to provide information to help in
operation and management of an organization.

An information system is important in any organization as it;

⁂ Collects
⁂ Transform
⁂ Disseminate
Information in an organization. It is also used for better
management.
 Types of Information
Systems
Middle Service
Workers Managers Managers Executives

TPS MIS DSS EIS

Transaction Management Information
Decision Support System Enterprise Information
Processing System system
System
Management Information
Transaction processing Decision support systems are used Enterprise information
Systems (MIS) are used by
systems are used to by senior management to make system is making use of
tactical managers to monitor
record day to day non-routine decisions. Decision storage, and processing of
the organization's current
business transactions of support systems use input from data created and used by a
performance status. The output
the organization. internal systems (transaction business or company.
from a transaction processing
processing systems and
system is used as input to a
management information systems)
management information
and external systems.
system.
Types of
Information
Systems Cont’d
Difficult roads often leads to beautiful destinations.
 Components of an Information
System
Software
Hardware Sets of instructions that tell the
This is a computer and its peripherals
devices that performs input, output,
H S computer how to take data in, how
to process it, how to display
processing, storage and information, and how to store data
communication. This can be looked at and information. This involves
as input, output, storage, peripheral application software and system
device (s) and processor. software.

User
Information systems professionals
Procedure and users who analyze organizational
A process is a series of steps
undertaken to achieve a desired
N U information needs, design and
construct information systems, write
outcome or goal. computer programs, operate the
hardware, and maintain software
Hardware Components
This is the physical part of a computer system that can be touched. Hardware components can be divided into input, output,
processor and storage/memory.
Input
These are special peripheral devices that gets data from the user and the environment and
prepares it for processing or storage. Examples; keyboard entry, source data, pointing device,
multimedia input.

Output
This is a hardware device that allows the end user to look at or listen to the results of the
processing activity. Examples; computer monitor, audio, voice output, sound output, video output

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Processor
This section of the hardware refers to the central processing system (CPU) that manipulates
symbols , numbers and letters. It consist of the arithmetic unit and control unit that performs
arithmetic logic operations and interprets program instructions, respectively.

Storage
This is a hardware component that keeps data, information and program instructions
permanently. Example of this is memory, primary and secondary storage.
Software Components
This is the non-physical part of a computer system that assist in its full functionality. Software cam be viewed as system and
application. Both system and application software can be looked at as proprietary or open-source software.

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 User Component
The user component of an information technology system relates to the persons who use a system to input , output,
store and assist in the processing. As such there are different types of users in an information system, from an
expert user, novice user to an end user.

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 Network Component
Network can be considered as a group of computers that are linked to share
resources.
LAN MAN WAN VPN

LAN Local Area Network WAN Wide Area Network

A group of computers and associated devices that This is a network that exist over a large geographical area and
share a common communication line or wireless connects smaller networks. Example, Mobile broadbands (3g,
connection. This type of connection is usually over a 4g, 5g)
small area, schools, business.

MAN Metropolitan Area Network VPN Virtual Private Network

This type of network covers a larger area than that This is an encoded connection over the internet from a device
of a LAN and smaller area as compared to WAN. to a network.
Example, cable TV network and DSL service.
 Network Topologies
This is the layout of elements (nodes, lines) that make up a communication network.

Mesh Topology
In mesh topology each device is connected to
every other device on the network through a Bus Topology
dedicated point-to-point link. In bus topology there is a main cable, and
all the devices are connected to this main
cable through drop lines.
Ring Topology
In ring topology each device is
connected to the two devices on either
side of it.

Star Topology
In star topology each device in the
network is connected to a central
device called hub.

Click the link to read more on topology

https://beginnersbook.com/2019/03/computer-network-topology-mesh-star-bus-ring-and-hybrid/
 Network Terminologies
Internet
This is a public wide area network that provides information World Wide Web WWW
and communication facilities. This is a graphical easy to use system of
interlinked files on the internet.
Intranet
Uniform Resource Locator URL
This is a private computer network where only
The name of a unique address of each
authorized persons within an organization can
page on the World Wide Web.
access.
Bandwidth
Extranet
This is the amount of data that can be send
This is a private computer network where authorized persons
from one point to another over a certain
within an organization and selected partners outside the
time.
organization can access specific resources..

Telnet
Protocol This is a network protocol that allows a
This is a set of rules or an agreed way to user to log on to a computer remotely
exchange or transmit data between devices. that is apart of the same network.

Router Network Configuration

This is an intelligent network device that connects two The process of setting a network's controls,
network together. flow and operation to support the network
communication of an organization and/or
Click the link for more Network
network owner.
terminologies
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basics_of_computer_science/basics_of_computer_science_networking_terminology.htm
Difficult roads often leads to beautiful destinations.
 Relationship between
Components
Hardware and software are the components used by
the user/people throughout the system to gather Your Picture Here
data.
Procedures are carried out by the user in obtaining
data for information.

Both hardware and software makes the work

automated and decreases the degree of difficulty.
Thank You