CONTENTS OF THIS
•PRESENTATION -
What is a disaster with the
explanation of two types of
disasters.
• What is disaster management.
• A case study about the
heatwaves in India its cause
and its consequences.
• A summary of all the given
topics above.
DISCLAIMER :The content provided in this
presentation is for informational and educational
purposes only. While every effort has been made to
ensure the accuracy and completeness of the
information, disaster management is a complex and
evolving field, and the strategies and practices
discussed may not be applicable in all situations.
WHAT IS A DISASTER?
o A disaster is a sudden, catastrophic event that causes
extensive damage, destruction, and disruption to
communities, often leading to significant loss of life, injury,
property damage, and long-term adverse effects on the
environment. These events can be classified into two main
categories: natural and human-made.
o In contemporary academia , disasters are seen as the
consequence of in appropriately managed risk. These risks
are the product of a combination of both hazard’s and
vulnerability. Hazards that strike in areas with low
vulnerability will never become disasters , as is the case in
uninhabited regions. Developing countries suffer the
greatest costs when a disaster hits-more than 95% of all
deaths caused by hazards occur developing countries and
losses due to natural hazards are 20 times greater (as a
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF
DISASTERS?
NATURAL DISASTER MAN-MADE DISASTER
• A natural disaster is the highly harmful • A man made disaster is a disaster caused
impact on a society or community by the activities of humans or the
following a natural hazard event. involvement of humans or their
negligence.
• A natural disaster can cause loss of life or • A man made disaster can cause human
damage property, and typically leaves suffering, loss of life and they long-term
economic damage in its wake. damage to a country's economy and
• The severity of the damage depends on productive capacity.
the population's disaster preparedness • The severity of the disaster depends on
and on the existing infrastructure. both the physical nature of the extreme
event and the social nature of the human
• Examples of natural hazard events include populations affected by the event.
floods, droughts, earthquakes, tropical • Examples of man made hazard events
cyclones, volcanic activity, wildfires. include arson, chemical spills, nuclear
meltdowns, terrorism, pollution.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT-
o A disaster is not an event that would allow you to prepare
yourself for it before its arrival. Recovering from its aftermath
can take weeks, months, years, and in some rare cases,
decades. From a volcano to a gas chamber leak, the range of
disasters lurking in the environment is more than you can
count. So, it is necessary that we must be aware of disaster
management.
PRACTICES FOR DISASTER
o Disaster management can be defined as the management and
organization of responsibilities and available resources for
coping up with various humanitarian aspects of emergencies.
It focuses on the response, preparedness, and recovery so
that the impact of the disaster is lessened as much as
possible. Essentially, it is a series of strategic planning of the
various procedures that need to be undertaken, administered,
PREPAREDNES
MANAGEMENT
and employed to safeguard assets and lives from severe
MITIGATION
damages when natural or man-made calamities take place.
RESPONSE
RECOVERY
o Disasters can drastically impact the environment and the life
forms living in it in a highly negative way. It is impossible to
avoid disasters, especially natural ones. They are inevitable
and there is nothing we can do to stop them from happening.
However, the most that we can do is to prepare ourselves
S
better to face the challenges brought up by a disaster. This is
DISASTER MANAGEMENT-
MITIGATION-
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MITIGATION
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CASE
STUDY
HEAT WAVES IN INDIA
What are some rare effects of heatwaves?
Human Health -
•Heat Stroke: Body temperature regulation fails, potentially causing unconsciousness, organ failure,
and death.
•Rhabdomyolysis: Rapid muscle breakdown releasing myoglobin, risking kidney damage.
•Exacerbation of Pre-existing Conditions: Worsens chronic diseases like cardiovascular, respiratory,
and mental health disorders.
•Heat Syncope: Dizziness and fainting due to reduced brain blood flow from dehydration.
•Electrolyte Imbalance: Excessive sweating leads to sodium and potassium loss, causing cramps,
fatigue, and severe issues.
Environmental Impacts -
•Wildfires: Dry vegetation increases wildfire risk.
•Aquatic Life Stress: Elevated water temperatures reduce oxygen, harming aquatic life.
•Phenological Shifts: Disrupts timing of biological events in plants and animals.
Infrastructure
•Buckling of Roads and Railways: Extreme heat warps roads and tracks, disrupting transport.
•Power Outages: High air conditioning demand overloads electrical grids.
•Water Supply Contamination: Heat-induced algal blooms contaminate water with toxins.
Social and Economic Impacts
•Economic Losses: Reduced labor productivity, especially in outdoor industries.
•Increased Crime Rates: Potential rise in violent crime and social unrest.
•Migration: Prolonged heatwaves can force people to migrate, causing demographic shifts and
resource conflicts.
No. of heatstroke patients reported in
India in 2024-
In India, heatstroke cases are
increasing due to rising temperatures,
with various states reporting significant
numbers. For example, Karnataka
recorded 521 cases and 2 deaths
recently. Measures are being taken
across regions to handle the surge. In
Mumbai, the Brihanmumbai Municipal
Corporation (BMC) has equipped
hospitals with air-conditioned rooms
and medicines for heatstroke patients.
Guidelines emphasize staying hydrated
and avoiding the outdoors during peak
heat. The Indian Meteorological
Department (IMD) has issued alerts for
severe heatwave conditions,
particularly in states like Maharashtra,
Gujarat, and Odisha.
Preventing heatstroke involves several
proactive measures:
o Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water
throughout the day.
o Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Limit outdoor
activities between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
o Wear Appropriate Clothing: Opt for
lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting
clothes.
o Use Sunscreen: Protect your skin with a
high SPF sunscreen.
o Stay Cool: Use fans, air conditioning, or
take cool showers.
o Rest Frequently: Take breaks in shaded
or cool areas if working outside.
o Monitor Health: Be aware of heat-related
symptoms and act quickly if they
appear.
