Question: what is Computer ?

What is its importance in

health sciences?

• Answer: Computer is an electronic Device which is developed by “ Charles Babbage “

• near by 19th Century
It Take inputs data from the input devices , Stores and processed it and produces output.
INPUT Process OUTPUT
• Components of Computer
1) Hardware 2) Software
input devices Application software
output devices System software
Storage devices
CPU
Input Device: is a device through which data and instructions are entered into computer.
Input Devices are key board, Mouse, Joy stick, Light pen, Microphone
Output device : is a hardware component that convert data from a computer into a
format that humans can understand. Output devices are Monitor, Microphone, Printer
Headphone etc
Storage Device .
The storage device is a part of the computer system which is
employed to store the information to instructions to be
processed. A storage device is an integral part of the computer
hardware which stores information/data to process the result of
any computational work. Without a storage device a computer
would not be able to run or even boot up. Or in other words we
can say that a storage device is hardware that is used for
storing, porting, or extracting data files. It can also store
information/data both temporarily and permanently.
The Central processing Unit(CPU)
The CPU, also known as the processor, is the brain of computer.
It executes instructions performs calculation, and manages
data transfer between different parts of the system.
 2

Components
1. Control Unit(CU): retrieves and decodes instructions
2. Arithmetic logic Unit(ALU); Performs calculations and logical operations
3. Registers: small memory units for temporary data storage
4. Cache memory: fast memory for frequently accessed data
Functions
 Instruction fetch and Decode
 Execution of Arithmetic and Logical Operations
 Data transfer and Management
 Control of input/output Operations
 Management of memory and resources.
 3

System Software
• System software is used for operating computer (hardware)
• System software are installed on the computer when operating system is installed.
• It provides platform for running application software.
• System software work independently.
• In general , the user does not interact with system because it work in the
background.
• It starts running automatically when computer is turned on and stop when computer
is shutdown
• Example window operating system
.
 4
Application Software

 Application software is used by user to perform specific task.

 Application software are installed according to users requirement.
 Application software can not run without the presence of system software.
 While application software can’t run or work indecently.
 But the use interacts with application software.
 Application software runs when the user requests it.
Example:
 MS-Office and photoshop etc.
 5
Introduction
Windows XP is an operating system that lets you use different types
of applications or software. For example, it allows you to use a word
processing application to write a letter and a spreadsheet
application to track your financial information.
Windows XP is a graphical user interface (GUI). It has pictures
(graphical) that you use (user) to communicate (interface) with the
computer. This type of system is popular because it's logical, fun,
and easy to use.
This operating system has multi-tasking capabilities, meaning it can
run several applications at the same time. Multi-tasking allows you
 Microsoft has ended support for Windows XP. To learn more about
what this means for you, check out our article
How to survive the end of Windows XP support.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
•Discuss the parts of the Windows XP desktop
•Discuss the parts of the Start menu
•Locate the taskbar
•Locate the Recycle Bin
•Log off and switch users
•Restart and turn off the computer properly
The Windows XP desktop
Like previous versions of Windows, Windows XP uses a desktop for
the standard interface. Think of the desktop as a workspace where
you can access everything you need to operate your computer,
such as system components, applications, and the Internet.
The desktop contains:
•Start button: This is one of the most important tools you will use
while working with Windows XP. The Start button allows you to open
menus and start applications.
•Taskbar: This is primarily used to switch between open windows
and applications. Learn more about using the taskbar in a later
lesson.
Your desktop's appearance may vary from the example shown below, especially if
you bought a computer with XP preinstalled.
 The Start menu

To begin exploring Windows XP, click the Start button They are usually
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When you click the Start button, the Start menu appears. The Start menu is your
gateway to the applications on your computer. The left side of the Start menu lists
programs, while the right side allows access to common Windows folders (My
Documents, for example). It also provides access to Help and Support, Search,
and Run.
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o you can easily open them the next time you open the Start menu. For example, if you recently opened Microsoft Word using Start All Programs Microsoft Word

To explore the Start menu:

1.Click the Start button.
2.Move the mouse pointer to each option, and view the various
cascading menus.
3.Click (or roll your mouse pointer over) All Programs.
4.Move the mouse pointer to the right, and view other cascading
menus.
5.To exit the menus, click outside the menu area or press Esc on
your keyboard.
The Start menu remembers items you've recently opened and places each icon on the Start menu so you can
easily open them the next time you open the Start menu.
For example, if you recently opened Microsoft Word using Start
The Start menu remembers items you've recently opened and places each icon on
the Start menu so you can easily open them the next time you open the Start
menu.
For example, if you recently opened Microsoft Word using Start
All Programs
Microsoft Word,
the next time you open the Start menu simply click the Word icon on the left side
of the Start menu.
Understanding icons
The small pictures on the desktop are called icons. One type of icon is an object
icon. Examples of object icons are My Computer, Recycle Bin, and Internet
Explorer. These icons allow you to open files and programs on your computer.
Shortcut icons allow you to open applications quickly. These icons
appear on your desktop and with little arrows in the left corner. Desktop
shortcuts are links to files and programs. You can add or delete shortcuts .
.

without affecting the programs on your computer. You'll learn about .

creating shortcuts in a later lesson.

To open a program using an icon:
1.Place your mouse over the icon.
2.Text appears identifying its name or contents.
3.Double-click the icon.

Understanding the taskbar

The taskbar is the small blue bar you see at the bottom of your desktop. It contains the Start
menu and the Quick Launch bar, which contains icons for Internet Explorer, Windows Media
Player, and Show Desktop. Click an icon to open a program. Click Show Desktop to quickly view
your desktop without closing any programs or windows.

The box on the right is called the Notification Area. Here, you'll find the clock
and several other icons, depending on what you have installed on your
computer. Other icons appear in the Notification Area detailing the status of
your activity. For example, when you're printing a document, a printer icon
appears. Microsoft also uses the Notification Area to remind you when software
updates are available for download.
When you open or minimize a window or program, a rectangular button appears on the taskbar that shows
the name of the application. These buttons disappear when you close a window.
Log off and switch users
More than one person can use your computer. For example, many family members might use the
same computer at home, while several coworkers may be able to access your computer on a
computer network. Windows XP allows everyone who uses your computer to have separate
computer accounts. A computer account tracks each person's unique settings, documents, and
email accounts.
Windows XP even enables you to log off the computer so someone else can log in without having
to restart the computer.

To log off or switch users:

1.Click the Start menu, then click Log Off.
2.A dialog box appears asking you if you want to Switch User or Log Off.
3.Switch User allows someone else to log on to the computer. If you choose to
Switch User, your applications will continue to run in the background while the
new user logs on.
4.If you choose Log Off, your applications will close.
5.In either case, you're taken to a Windows XP log on screen, where you're
prompted to enter your username and password.
Turn off and restart your computer
When you've finished using Windows XP, be sure to turn off (or shut down) the computer correctly
To turn off the computer:
1.Click the Start menu.
2.Click Turn Off Computer.
3.A dialog box opens. Click Turn Off.

If you're experiencing computer problems or have installed something new, you can
simply restart your computer.
To restart the computer:
1.Click the Start menu.
2.Click Turn Off Computer.
3.A dialog box opens. Click Restart.
It's generally safest tor turn off or restart your computer using the methods above. However, many
computers are designed to safely shut down when the power button is pressed. Consult your manual to
read about the recommended shutdown procedure