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Study of Logic

Logic is defined as the science of correct thinking and inference, derived from the Greek word 'logike' meaning 'thought'. It consists of two branches: material logic, which focuses on understanding truth, and formal logic, which addresses the correct presentation of truth. The importance of logic includes improving reasoning abilities, enabling scientific progress, and fostering better understanding and order in society.

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11 views20 pages

Study of Logic

Logic is defined as the science of correct thinking and inference, derived from the Greek word 'logike' meaning 'thought'. It consists of two branches: material logic, which focuses on understanding truth, and formal logic, which addresses the correct presentation of truth. The importance of logic includes improving reasoning abilities, enabling scientific progress, and fostering better understanding and order in society.

Uploaded by

Nicka Magante
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LOGIC

LOGIC

IMPORTANCE OF
DEFINITION OF LOGIC
LOGIC
The Study of Logic
•Logic derived from Gk. Work “logike” which means
“thought”

 Aristotle 384-322, logic is an “organon” – instrument
for knowing and explaining truth 
 Ability to reason well and correctly 

 We define logic as a science of correct thinking
(INFERENCE)
(INFERENCE)
 In our present study, thinking refers to the mental
process of forming a new truth or conclusion from a
given data or information. We refer to this process
as inference
 Inference from the verb “to infer” to conclude or
deduce from premises or assumptions"
 Logic teaches the rules of correct inference
 Inference is a rational activity for us as rational
beings.
Natural Logic

• Man prides himself with having a common sense.


Common Sense is natural logic which, according to
St. Thomas is the habit of the first principles. It helps
us find meaning to our experiences.
• Common sense needs the discipline and training of
logic because it is not sufficient to tackle many of the
questions we confront in life. Logic does not dispense
with common sense but builds on it.
LOGIC

IMPORTANCE OF
DEFINITION OF LOGIC
LOGIC
Logic is a Science of

Logic as a Science
 Logic is a science that deals with how we
compose our thoughts and express them
clearly and correctly
 Material object- thoughts or ideas
 Formal object- correctness of the process of
thinking
The Science of logic has two branches
1.Material logic- deals with the understanding of truth.
It provides the guidelines of how the thought content of
an inference is true.
2.Formal logic- deals with the procedure for presenting
truths. It provides the rules on how the presentation of
truth is correct.

VS
Truth is the conformity
of the mind with
reality, the order of
things outside the
mind.
Correctness is
conformity with
the rules.
Logic is the art of all arts
Logic is an art because it
inclines us to acquire the skill of
thinking with orderliness and
harmony. Because logic deals
with the enrichment of the mind
which sets man free or “liberi”.
Three Mental Operation

Correct
Thinking
Simple Apprehension
Mental act by which we understand
the essence of a thing as it exists
outside of the mind. It produces
concept which is a mental
representation of what a thing is in
itself.
Judgement

Mental act affirming or denying the


relation of concept with one another
to express reality. The act of
judgement produces the proposition
which is the statement of truth.
Reasoning
Mental act by which we present a
truth as being supported by given
facts or propositions. The act of
reasoning produces the inference or
argument.
Types if Inference
1.Inductive- Deduces a universal conclusion
form a series of related truths. It is universal
when it applies to totality; for instance, “all x is
y” because x1 is y, x2 is y, x3 is y and so forth.
2.Deductive- draws a particular conclusion from
universal truths stated as premises. It is
expressed in the form of
Syllogisms
It is any group of propositions of which one is claimed to follow from the
others which are presented as evidence or support. It is made up of
premises and conclusion
 Premises are the assumptions supporting the conclusion
 When the premises are true the conclusion is also true.
 The words “but” and “therefore” stand for the movement of the mind
from one truth to another. They indicate the connection or sequence
between the premises and the conclusions.
LOGIC

IMPORTANCE OF
DEFINITION OF LOGIC
LOGIC
Importance of Logic
Taking logic as the habit of good reasoning, we may expect the following
advantages:
1. Logic improves our reasoning ability.
2. Logic makes science possible.
3. Logic helps us recognized faulty reasoning and avoid them.
4. Logic prepares us for the task of leadership.
5. Logic promotes greater understanding among people.
6. Logic hastens the success of a professional
7. Logic leads to just laws.
8. Logic protects society from chaos
9. Logic promises and orderly life.
10.Logic leads to happiness.
May tanong pa????

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