Random

Sampling
Statistics and Probability
POPULATION
• refers to the whole group under study or
investigation. In research, the population
does not always refer to people. It may
mean a group containing elements of
anything you want to study, such as
objects, events, organizations, countries,
species, organisms, etc.
SAMPLE
• is a subset taken from a population,
either by random sampling or by
non-random sampling. A sample is a
representation of the population
where it is hoped that valid
conclusions will be drawn from the
population.
 Population (Entire Sample (Subset of
Group) Population)
50 randomly selected
All students in a school
students from the school
A survey of 100
All employees in a company
employees from the
company
30 players from different
All basketball players in the NBA
teams
500 residents surveyed
All residents in a city
about transportation
RANDOM SAMPLING
• is a selection of n elements derived
from the N population, which is the
subject of an investigation or
experiment, where each point of the
sample has an equal chance of being
selected using the appropriate
 Types of
Random Sampling
1.Lottery sampling/Simple
Random Sampling
• is a sampling technique in which each
member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected. An instance of this
is when members of the population have
their names represented by small pieces of
paper that are then randomly mixed
together and picked out. In the sample, the
Example: Random Employee Bonus
Selection
Scenario: A company wants to give a bonus to 10
employees out of 200.

• How it works:
-Each employee is assigned a number from 1 to 200.
- The company uses a random number generator to
pick 10 numbers.
- Employees with those numbers get the bonus.
2. Systematic
sampling
• is a sampling technique in which
members of the population are listed
and samples are selected at
intervals called sample intervals. In
this technique, every nth item in the
list will be selected from a
randomly selected starting point.
Example:

Scenario: A teacher wants to randomly select 10

students from a class of 50 for a quiz.

How it works:
- The teacher lists all 50 students in order (1 to 50).
- The teacher selects every 5th student starting from
student #1. So, they select students #1, #6, #11, #16,
and so on until 10 students are chosen.
 3. Stratified Random
•Sampling
is a sampling procedure in which members
of the population are grouped on the basis
of their homogeneity. This technique is used
when there are a number of distinct
subgroups in the population within which full
representation is required. The sample is
constructed by classifying the population
into subpopulations or strata on the basis of
certain characteristics of the population,
Example:
Scenario: A school wants to survey 100 students about their
experience in extracurricular activities, ensuring representation
from different grade levels.

How it works:
- The school divides the 500 students into strata (groups) based on
their grade level:
9th grade: 150 students
10th grade: 150 students
11th grade: 100 students
12th grade: 100 students
- The school randomly selects 25 students from each grade level
(stratum) to make up the sample of 100 students.
4. Cluster sampling
• is sometimes referred to as area
sampling and applied on
geographical basis. Generally, first
sampling is performed at higher
levels before going down to lower
levels.
Example:

Scenario: A researcher wants to survey students in a

district of 10 schools about their study habits. They
cannot survey all schools, so they choose a few schools
to represent the whole district.

How it works:
- The researcher lists all 10 schools in the district.
- They randomly select 3 schools (clusters).
- All students in the selected schools are surveyed.
CHOOSE
WISELY!
Statistics and Probability
1.A teacher wants to select 5 students
from a class of 30 to participate in a
survey. She writes all 30 students'
names on slips of paper, puts them
in a box, and randomly draws 5
names.
 Simple
Random
Sampling
2. A librarian wants to check the
condition of books on a shelf.
There are 100 books, and she
decides to inspect every 5th
book starting from the 3rd book.
Systematic
Sampling
3. A school principal wants to
survey students from different
grade levels about their lunch
preferences. She randomly
selects 10 students from each
grade (Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade
9, and Grade 10).
Stratified
Sampling
4. A health researcher is studying the
health habits of households in a city.
She randomly selects 3 neighborhoods
out of 10 and surveys every household
in those neighborhoods.
 Cluster
Sampling
5. A news agency wants to predict
election results by conducting a
poll. They randomly select 1,000
registered voters from the entire
population of voters in a country,
ensuring that every voter has an
equal probability of being included
 Simple
Random
Sampling
ASSESSMENT:
Identify the type of sampling method. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

________ 1. The teacher writes all the names of students in a

piece of paper and puts it in a box for the graded recitations.
_________2. The teacher gets the class record and call every 4th
name in the list.
_________3. Every five files out of 500 files will be chosen.
_________4. There are 20 toddlers, 40 teenagers, 45 middle
aged and 55 senior citizens in a certain area. Samples are
taken according to the total number of people in the area.
_________5. All the names of the employees of the company are
put in a raffle box.
1.It refers to the entire group
that is under study or
investigation.
1.It refers to the entire group
that is under study or
investigation.
POPULATION
2. It is a subset taken from a
population, either by random or non-
random sampling technique. A sample
is a representation of the population
where one hopes to draw valid
conclusions from about population.
2. It is a subset taken from a
population, either by random or non-
random sampling technique. A sample
is a representation of the population
where one hopes to draw valid
conclusions from about population.
SAMPLE
3. This is a selection of n elements
derived from a population N, which is the
subject of the investigation or
experiment, where each sample point has
an equal chance of being selected using
the appropriate sampling technique.
3. This is a selection of n elements
derived from a population N, which is the
subject of the investigation or
experiment, where each sample point has
an equal chance of being selected using
the appropriate sampling technique.
RANDOM SAMPLING
4. A sampling technique where
every member of the population
has an equal chance of being
selected.
4. A sampling technique where
every member of the population
has an equal chance of being
selected.
LOTTERY SAMPLING
5. It refers to a sampling technique in
which members of the population are
listed and samples are selected in
intervals called sample intervals.
5. It refers to a sampling technique in
which members of the population are
listed and samples are selected in
intervals called sample intervals.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
“In life, like in random sampling,
fairness means giving everyone
an equal chance to shine."