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C1 Lesson 1.1 Random Variables

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3 views23 pages

C1 Lesson 1.1 Random Variables

Uploaded by

Archimedes Arvie Garcia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter

1:
Random
Variables and
Probability
Distributions
Recall:
What is the
concept of
probability?
Probability of an event
 Is a numerical value that describes the
likelihood that an event will happen or not
 In symbols,
P(E) = n(E)
n(S)
Event(E) - Refers to a subset of a
sample space
Sample Space(S) - outcome space
Probability of an event
E⊆S, then by definition of a subset
n(E)≤n(S)
1. The probability of an event is always a
value between and including 0 and 1.
2. The Complement Rule of Probability
P(E) + P(E’) = 1
Therefore P(E’) =1 - P(E)
Recall:
How do we use this in
making decisions
concerning a population
using a sample?
Lesson One

Exploring
Random Variables
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the
lesson, you are
expected to:
illustrate a random

variable
Starting point:

 Experiment - is any activity,


which can be done repeatedly
under similar conditions
 Sample space - the set of all

possible outcomes of an
experiment
Entry Card
List the sample space of the following
experiments
Experiment Sample
Space
1. Tossing three coins
2. Rolling a die and tossing a coin
simultaneously
3. Getting a defective item when
two items are randomly selected
from a box of two defective and
three non defective items
Ifthree coins are tossed,
what numbers can be
assigned for the frequency
of heads that will occur?
If three cards are drawn
from a deck, what number
can be assigned for the
frequency of the face
cards that will occur?
Variable
 isa characteristic or attribute
that can assume different
values
 capital letters are used to

denote or represent a variable


Random Variables
variables that are
associated with
probabilities
Example 1

 Suppose three cell phones are


tested at random. find out the
number of defective cell
phones that occur.
Illustration.
 Let D - defective cell phone
N - non-defective cell phone
Possible Outcomes Value of the random variable
X(# of defective cell phone)
Possible Outcomes Value of the random
variable X
(# of defective cell phone)
NNN 0
DNN 1
NDN 1
NND 1
DDN 2
DND 2
NDD 2
DDD 3

Possible values of the random variable X


are 0, 1, 2,and 3
What is a
random
variable?
Random Variable
 is a function that associates a
real number to each element
in the sample space.
 is a variable whose values

are determined by chance


Example 2
 Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the
random variable representing the number of
tails that occur. Find the values of the
random variable Y. Complete the table
below.
Illustration.

Possible Outcomes Value of the random


variable Y
(number of tails)
Seatwork # 1:

 Two balls are drawn in succession


without replacement from an urn
containing 5 red balls and 6 blue
balls. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of blue
balls. Find the values of the
random variable Z.
How do you find
a random
variable?
Thank you!

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