MZCET/AI&DS/CS3591/IVSEM/SUBJECT

PRESENTATION
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VISION OF THE INSTITUTE

 To be the preferred choice of students who aspire

to become Engineers of the highest calibre.

MZCET/AI&DS/AL3451/IV
SEM/SUBJECT PRESENTATION
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MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE
 M1: Provide world-class physical and digital infrastructure
and learning environment.
 M2: Develop the competencies of students to make them
job-ready and entrepreneurs.
 M3: Facilitate mental, physical, emotional and spiritual
development of students and ensure their holistic
development.
 M4: Preserve the environment through the implementation
of eco-friendly and sustainable practices.
 M5: Serve the community through skill development and
other need-based services.
 M6: Establish sustainable partnerships with industries and
R&D laboratories for mutual benefit.

MZCET/AI&DS/AL3451/IV
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VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

 To be a leading competency center in Artificial

Intelligence and Data Science, empowering students
with ground breaking knowledge, skills, and ethical
values to drive innovation and solve real-world
problems for the prosperity of society.

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MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT
• Encouraging innovation and critical thinking to
solve complex, real-world problems by delivering
cutting-edge curriculum.
• Building strong industry and academic
partnerships to enhance learning and career
opportunities.
• Promoting ethical practices and social
responsibility, ensuring that our graduates
contribute positively to society.

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE
 Graduates can:
 1. Leverage their expertise in foundational
sciences, mathematics, artificial intelligence,
data science, and statistics to develop systems
for managing and analyzing large-scale data.
 2. Think critically, continuously learn, and
collaborate effectively within a multidisciplinary
team while upholding strong ethical standards.
 3. Demonstrate innovative thinking and
creativity to impact economic development.
MZCET/AI&DS/AL3451/IV
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PROGRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
 Students should be able to:
• Develop AI-driven, domain-specific processes to
enhance decision-making across various fields,
including business and governance.
• Apply theoretical knowledge of AI, data analytics, and
practical industry tools and techniques to address and
solve complex societal challenges.
• Cultivate data analytics, visualisation skills, and
knowledge acquisition, representation, and engineering
expertise to coordinate complex projects effectively.

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UNIT TOPICS
 UNIT I - INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION

 UNIT II - TRANSPORT LAYER

 UNIT III - NETWORK LAYER

 UNIT IV - ROUTING

 UNIT V -DATA LINK AND PHYSICAL LAYERS

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COURSE OBJECTIVE

 To understand the concept of layering in networks.

 To know the functions of protocols of each layer of TCP/IP

protocol suite.

 To visualize the end-to-end flow of information.

 To learn the functions of network layer and the various routing

protocols.

 To familiarize the functions and protocols of the Transport layer.

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COURSE OUTCOME
 CO 1: Explain the basic layers and its functions in
computer networks.

PRESENTATION
MZCET/AI&DS/AL3451/IV SEM/SUBJECT
 CO 2: Understand the basics of how data flows from
one node to another.

 CO 3: Analyze routing algorithms.

 CO 4: Describe protocols for various functions in the

network.

 CO 5: Analyze the working of various application layer

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protocols.
CO – PO MAPPING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND
APPLICATION LAYER

Data Communication - Networks – Network Types

– Protocol Layering – TCP/IP Protocol suite – OSI
Model – Introduction to Sockets - Application
Layer protocols: HTTP – FTP – Email protocols
(SMTP - POP3 - IMAP - MIME) – DNS – SNMP

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UNIT II TRANSPORT LAYER

Introduction - Transport-Layer Protocols: UDP –

TCP: Connection Management – Flow control -
Congestion Control - Congestion avoidance
(DECbit, RED) – SCTP – Quality of Service

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UNIT III NETWORK LAYER

Switching : Packet Switching - Internet

protocol - IPV4 – IP Addressing – Subnetting -
IPV6, ARP, RARP, ICMP, DHCP

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UNIT IV ROUTING

Routing and protocols: Unicast routing -

Distance Vector Routing - RIP - Link State
Routing – OSPF – Path-vector routing - BGP -
Multicast Routing: DVMRP – PIM.

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UNIT V DATA LINK AND PHYSICAL
LAYERS

Data Link Layer – Framing – Flow control – Error

control – Data-Link Layer Protocols – HDLC – PPP
- Media Access Control – Ethernet Basics –
CSMA/CD – Virtual LAN – Wireless LAN (802.11) -
Physical Layer: Data and Signals - Performance –
Transmission media- Switching – Circuit
Switching.

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WHAT’S A PROTOCOL?
human protocols:
 “what’s the time?”
 “I have a question”
 introductions

… specific msgs sent

… specific actions taken when msgs received, or other
events

network protocols:
 machines rather than humans
 all communication activity in Internet governed by 17
protocols
PROTOCOL
 protocols define format, order of msgs sent
and received among network entities, and
actions taken on msg transmission, receipt

a human protocol and a computer network protocol:

time
Hi
TCP connection
req.
Hi
TCP connection
Got the reply.
time? Get http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/index.htm

2:00
<file> 18
STANDARD
 Essential in creating and maintaining an
open and competitive market for equipment
manufacturers
 Guaranteeing national & international

interoperability of data & telecommunication

technology & process.

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LAYERED TASKS
An example from the everyday life

Hierarchy?
Services
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WHY LAYERED COMMUNICATION?
 To reduce complexity of communication task
by splitting it into several layered small tasks
 Functionality of the layers can be changed as

long as the service provided to the layer

above stays unchanged
 makes easier maintenance & updating

 Each layer has its own task

 Each layer has its own protocol

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REFERENCE MODELS

 OSI reference model

 TCP/IP

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OSI REFERENCE MODEL
 Open System Interconnection
 7 layers

1. Crate a layer when different abstraction is

needed
2. Each layer performs a well define function

3. Functions of the layers chosen taking

internationally standardized protocols
4. Number of layers – large enough to avoid
complexity 23
SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL

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EXCHANGE USING OSI MODEL

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THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LAYERS
IN THE OSI MODEL

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ISSUES, TO BE RESOLVED BY THE
LAYERS
 Larger bandwidth at lower cost
 Error correction
 Flow control
 Addressing
 Multiplexing
 Naming
 Congestion control
 Mobility
 Routing
 Fragmentation
 Security
 ....
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OSI LAYERS

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PHYSICAL LAYER physical
connection

The physical layer is responsible for

transmitting
individual bits from one node to the next.
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PHYSICAL LAYER

 Physical characteristics of interfaces and media: It

define the type of transmission media
 Representation of the bits: the physical layer data
consist of a stream of bits(0,1). The transmitted bits
must be encoded into signals – electrical or optical. The
physical layer defines the type of encoding.
 Data rate: The physical layer defines the transmission
rate, the number of bits sent each second.

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DATA LINK LAYER logical
connection

The data link layer is responsible for moving

frames from one hop (node) to the next.

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DATA LINK LAYER
- HOP-TO-HOP DELIVERY-

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DATA LINK LAYER
• Framing. The data link layer divides the stream of bits received
from the network layer into data units called frames.

• Physical addressing. If frames are to be distributed to different

systems on the network, the data link layer adds a header to
the frame to define the physical address of the sender
(source address) and/or receiver (destination address) of the
frame.

• If the frame is intended for a system outside the sender’s

network, the receiver address is the address of the device that
connects one network to the next.

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DATA LINK LAYER
- EXAMPLE-

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 NETWORK LAYER

The network layer is responsible for the delivery of packets from the
original
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source to the final destination.
NETWORK LAYER
 The Network layer is responsible for the
source-to- destinationdelivery of a packet
possible across multiple networks.It converts
Frames into packets.

 If two systems are connected to the same

link, there is usually no need for a
network layer. However, if the two systems
are attached to different networks, there is
often a need for the network layer to
accomplish source-to-destination delivery.
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 TRANSPORT LAYER

The transport layer is responsible for delivery of a message 37

from one process to another.
TRANSPORT LAYER
 The transport layer is responsible for process-
to-process or end-end delivery of the entire
message.

 The network layer oversees host-to-destination

delivery of individual packets, it does not
recognize any relationship between those
packets.

 The transport layer ensures that the whole

message arrives intact and in order,
overseeing both error control and flow control 38

at the process-to-process level.

SESSION LAYER

The session layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization. 39

SESSION LAYER
 DecisionControl:- Half duplex, Full Duplex

 Synchronization: Adding checkpoints to

stream data.

 Ex: System sending 2000 pages.

 Add check point after each 100th page.

 So in case of failure no need to sent whole

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page.
PRESENTATION LAYER

• It is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information 41

exchanged b/w 2 devices.
PRESENTATION LAYER
 Translation: Interoperability b/w different
encoding formats.

 Encryption : Converting plain to cipher text

and vice versa.

 Compression: Reducing number of bits

in multimedia data when transmitting.

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APPLICATION LAYER

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The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user.
APPLICATION LAYER
 It provides user access to network.

 X.500-Directory service.

 X.400-Message handling service.

 FTAM- File Transfer management.

 Network Virtual Terminal.

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