Networks Operating

Systems (NOS)
Agenda

NOS overview
NOS Features
NOS Characteristics
NOS Choosing Criteria
NOS Types
Windows Server Operating Systems
Linux Operating System

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NOS overview

an operating system designed for the sole purpose

of supporting servers and sharing of DB,
Applications, and Files & printers among multiple
computers in a network.
Certain standalone operating systems, such as
Microsoft Windows NT and Digital’s OpenVMS, come
with multipurpose capabilities and can also act as
network operating systems.
Some of the most well-known network operating
systems include Microsoft Windows Server 20XX,
Linux and Mac OS X.
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NOS Features

Basic support features like protocol support, processor support,

hardware detection and multiprocessing support for applications
Security features like authentication, restrictions, authorizations and
access control.
Internetworking features like routing and WAN ports
File and printing sharing & management.
Directory and name services management.

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NOS Features

User management features along with provisions for remote access

and system management
Clustering capabilities
System maintenance activities like backup

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NOS Features

Server Manager: is a console that allows you to manage and secure

multiple server roles including
managing the server’s identity,
system information; displaying server status;
identifying problems with the server role configuration;
and managing all roles installed on the server.

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NOS Features

UCCN3004 , May 2015 By Dr. Suliman

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 NOS Characteristics
Multitasking: the capability to execute multiple
tasks/process at the same time.
Multiprocessor: Servers are equipped with more than
one processor, called multiprocessing systems
Parallelism: Executing multiple tasks in parallel by
assigning each task to a different processor.
 These features enhance the performance of servers.
 Now, this feature is available, to some extent, on most
multicore PC/Laptops).

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 NOS Characteristics
Multiusers: NOS supports multiple user accounts at the same
time and enables concurrent access to shared resources by multiple
clients.
Although a number of users may have accounts on a PC, only a single account is
active on the system at any given time.

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NOS Characteristics

In multitasking environment,

All tasks are active, or resident, in memory at the same time.
The shared files may be huge.
Thus, servers that host NOS should have huge memory, high storage
capacity, and extra hardware components to support continuous
operation.

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 NOS Choosing Criteria
The main criteria to consider when selecting a NOS include:
Management and monitoring tools
Security
Scalability
Robustness/fault tolerance
Performance

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 NOS Types
There are many NOS in the market Like MS Windows 20XX, Linux, MacX,
and so on.
It is important to know the basics about popular NOS families.
Operating systems on the network have their own language.
Different NOS vendors use the same terms in different ways.
Server manger(windows) = Kernel(Linux) /admin=root user
The ability of getting diverse servers with different NOS to interoperate is
an important skill for a network administrator.

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 Windows Server Operating Systems
Windows server-based networks that run Windows NT
Server or Windows 2000 Server are based on the
concept of the domain.
Domain : Group of users and computers managed by
the same security database.
Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS): Technology
that runs the domain security database
 Active Directory is used to create, manage, and remove domain user accounts.
Domain controllers (DCs): Servers that hosts domain
security database.
Domain Name System (DNS): TCP/IP-based standard for
resolving computer names with IP addresses.

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 Windows Server Terminology
Each domain requires one Primary Domain Controller (PDC).
PDC is a "master" server that contains the Security Accounts Management
Database (SAM).
A domain can also have one or more Backup Domain Controllers (BDCs),
each of which contains a read-only copy of the SAM.
The SAM is what controls the authentication process when a user logs
onto the domain.

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Windows Server Terminology

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Windows Server Terminology

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 Windows Server Versions and
Name
Editions
Version Da
te
V.
No.
Editions

Windows Small Business Server 2003, Windows Server 2003

Windows
20 NT Web Edition, Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition,
Server
2003
03 5.2 Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, Windows Server
2003 Datacenter Edition, Windows Storage Server
Windows Small Business Server 2003 R2, Windows Server
2003 R2 Web Edition, Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard
Windows
20 NT Edition, Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition,
Server
2003 R2
06 5.2 Windows Server 2003 R2 Datacenter Edition, Windows
Compute Cluster Server 2003 (CCS), Windows Storage
Server, Windows Home Server
Windows Server 2008 Standard, Windows Server 2008
Enterprise, Windows Server 2008 Datacenter, Windows
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems, Windows Server
20 NT
Server
08 6.0
Foundation 2008, Windows Essential Business Server 2008,
2008 Windows HPC Server 2008, Windows Small Business
Server 2008, Windows Storage Server 2008, Windows Web
Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation, Windows Server 2008
R2 Standard, Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise, Windows
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter, Windows Server 2008 R2 for
Windows
20 NT Itanium-based Systems, Windows Web Server 200817 R2,
Server
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2008 R2
10 6.1 Windows Storage Server 2008 R2, Windows HPC Server 2008
Linux Operating System

The UNIX NOS was developed in 1969, and it has evolved into many
varieties (hundreds of versions).
Free, open source, easy to modify where it had been written in C
programming language.
Linux is sometimes referred to as "UNIX Lite", and it is designed to
run on Intel-compatible PCs.
However, Linux runs on other machines as well.
Linux brings the advantages of UNIX to home and small business
computers.

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Linux Operating System

It is Multi-user, Multitasking, Multiprocessor

Has the X Windows GUI
Coexists with other Operating Systems
Runs on multiple platforms
The following are a few of the most popular types:
Red Hat Linux Linux Mandrake
Caldera eDesktop and eServer Debian GNU/Linux
Corel Linux Turbo Linux
Fedora Open Suse

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Linux Operating System

Open Source. So, people improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs.
And this can happen at a speed that, compared to conventional
software development, seems astonishing.

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Linux Operating System

Virus Free!!. There are essentially no viruses for Linux in the wild,
although research viruses certainly do exist.
Powerful
Runs on multiple hardware
platforms
Users like its speed and
stability
No requirement for latest
hardware
It’s “free”
Licensed under GPL (General
Public Licence).

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Linux Applications for Servers

All common Internet services available – Mail, Web, DNS, etc.

 Easy administration using web based interface
 Very low resource utilization. A 486 66MHz can be your firewall
 No cost to setup a server. As easy as download a CD and install.
 Lower maintenance. Keeps running for years.

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Linux Applications for Servers

A popular use of a Linux system is a web server.

Web server software uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to
deliver files to users that request them, using a web browser from
their workstation.
A Mail Server is a system that is configured with the proper
programs and services that enable handling the exchange of e-mail
sent from one client to another.
The Linux operating system provides file server either in a Linux
environment or in a cross-platform environment consisting of
Windows, Macintosh, UNIX, or OS/2 workstation.

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Linux Applications for Servers

There are some essential programs/software to add to a Linux

system regardless of whether it is configured as a workstation or a
server.
Text editors are essential for maintenance tasks.
 Some text editors available in Linux are vi, jed, pico, or Emacs.

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 Linux Clients
Windows clients can access Linux servers without client software if the
UNIX servers run Samba,
Samba is a program that uses the Server Message Block (SMB) application layer
protocol.
Windows computers use SMB for file access across the network.
Samba permits them to see the Linux file system.

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Thank
you
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