FPT University

ANDROID PROGRAMMING
SLOT 4

Version 1.0
 Agenda
• Android Architecture
• Application Components
• Activity Lifecycles
• Handling Android Activity State Changes
Android Architecture
 Android Architecture
• Linux kernel
provides a low level of abstraction between the device
hardware and the upper layers of the Android software stack
• Contains all low level drivers for various hardware components
support.
 Android Architecture
• Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
Provides Abstraction between hardware and rest of
the software stack.
 Android Architecture
• Android Runtime (ART)
Designed to run apps in a constrained environment
that has limited muscle power in terms of battery,
processing and memory.
 Android Architecture
• Libraries
– Exposed to developers through Android
Application Framework.
– Contains C/C++ libraries used by components of
Android Systems.
 Android Architecture
• Application Framework
It is a collection of APIs written in Java, which gives
developers access to the complete feature set of
Android OS.
 Android Architecture
• Applications
Top of the Android Application Stack, is occupied by
the System apps and tonnes of other Apps that users
can download from Android's Official Play Store, also
known as Google Play Store.
Android versions
 COMPONENTS

1. Activities
2. Intents
3. Services
4. Broadcast Receivers
5. Content Providers
6. Extra component
Extra component

Fragments UI in activity

Determine (UI) for activity hoặc

Layouts
application

Views UI element: text, buttons, lists, v.v.

Build app by resource file: image,

Resources
audio, etc.

(AndroidManifest.xml) , include
informations: Activities, Intents,
Manifest File Content Providers, Services,
Broadcast Receivers, permissions,
etc.
Android Activities
A subclass of Activity class
A single user interface screen
Reuseable
 Application Components
• Android Intents
Intents are the mechanism by which one activity is
able to launch another and implement the flow
through the activities that make up an application
- Explicit intent
- Implicit intent
 Application Components
• Broadcast Intents
Is a system wide intent that is sent out to all applications that
have registered an “interested” Broadcast Receiver

<activity android:name=".ExampleActivity"
android:icon="@drawable/app_icon">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
 Application Components
• Android Services
- Android Services are processes that run in the
background and do not have a user interface
- Android Services are ideal for situations where an
application needs to continue performing tasks but
does not necessarily need a user interface to be
visible to the user
 Application Components
• Content Providers
- Content Providers implement a mechanism for
the sharing of data between applications
- Data can be shared in the form of a file or an
entire SQLite database
 Application Components

• Application Manifest
The glue that pulls together the various elements
that comprise an application is the Application
Manifest file
 Application Components
• Application Resources
- Android application package will also typically
contain a collection of resource files.
- These files contain resources such as the strings,
images, fonts and colors that appear in the user
interface together with the XML representation
of the user interface layouts
 Application Components
• Application Context
When an application is compiled, a class named R is
created that contains references to the application
resources.
• The application manifest file and these resources combine
to create what is known as the Application Context. This
context used in the application code to gain access to the
application resources at runtime
 Activity Lifecycles
• Android Applications and Resource Management
If the system identifies that resources on the device are
reaching capacity it will take steps to terminate processes
to free up memory. the system base on priority and state
to determine which process to terminate.
 Activity Lifecycles
• Android Process States
The current state of a process is defined by the
highest-ranking active component
 Activity Lifecycles
• Inter-Process Dependencies
states of a process can never be ranked lower
than another process that it is currently
serving. Ex a service process acting as the
content provider for a foreground process
 Activity Lifecycles
• The Activity Lifecycle
activities also transition through different states
during the execution lifetime of an application.
 Activity Lifecycles
• The Activity Stack
 Activity Lifecycles
• Activity States
- Active / Running
- Paused
- Stopped
- Killed
 Activity Lifecycles
• Configuration Changes
Configuration change that impacts the appearance
of an activity
• Handling State Change
Application will, in most circumstances, be notified
by the runtime system of the changes and given
the opportunity to react accordingly
 Handling Activity State Changes
• The Android Activity Lifecycle Methods
The Activity class contains a number of lifecycle
methods which act as event handlers when the state
of an Activity changes. Each change has a support
method.
Handling Activity State Changes
• Activity Lifetimes
Entire Lifetime –describe everything that takes place within an
activity between the initial call to the onCreate() method and
the call to onDestroy() prior to the activity terminating.
Visible Lifetime – Covers the periods of execution of an activity
between the call to onStart() and onStop(). During this period
the activity is visible to the user though may not be the activity
with which the user is currently interacting.
Foreground Lifetime – Refers to the periods of execution
between calls to the onResume() and onPause() methods
Handling Activity State Changes
 Disabling Configuration Change
Restarts

• Activity may indicate that it is not to be restarted in

the event of certain configuration changes. This is
achieved by adding an android:configChanges
directive to the manifest file of the activity

<activity android:name=".DemoActivity"
android:configChanges="orientation|fontScale"
android:label="@string/app_name">
Saving and Restoring the State of an
Android Activity
• The Bundle Class
The Bundle class also contains a set of
methods that can be used to get and set key-
value pairs for a variety of data types
Saving and Restoring the State of an
Android Activity
• Saving the State
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);

final EditText textBox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);

CharSequence userText = textBox.getText();
outState.putCharSequence("savedText", userText);
}

• Restoring the State

@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);

final EditText textBox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);

CharSequence userText = savedInstanceState.getCharSequence("savedText");
textBox.setText(userText);
}
 Saving and Restoring the State of an
Android Activity
• Automatic saving and restoring

<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="10"
android:inputType="textPersonName"
android:saveEnabled="true"
android:text="Name"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 Event
• 1: use ”onclick” function on XML
• 2. on activity, each view:
view.setOnclickListener

• 3. activity implement onClickListener

 Event
• Tạo màn hình có 2 nút: Login và Register, 1
textView, click vào button nào thì show text
button
• End of Lesson 2
Thank you!