LESSON 1

Communication
Processes, Principles an
Ethics
The Components of the
Communication Process
2.
1. Source
Message

3. 4. Receiver
Channel

6.
5. Feedback Environment

7. 8.
Context Interference
1. Source
The sender carefully crafts
the message. The sender may be
anyone: an author of a book, a
public speaker in a special
occasion or even a traffic
enforcer.
2. Message
The message is the reason
behind any interaction. It is the
meaning shared between the sender
and the receiver. Messages take many
forms. They could mean poems,
songs, essays, news articles, road
signs and even symbols.
3. Channel
The channel is how a
message is conveyed. When we
answer a phone call, the phone is
the channel. On the other hand,
when your parents receive a
notification of your absences from
school, the channel is a letter. It is
the responsibility of both sender
and the receiver to choose the best
channel for the interaction.
4. Receiver
The receiver is the
person who receives the
transmitted message. The
receiver is expected to listen or
read carefully, to be aware of
different kinds of sender to jot
down information when
needed, to provide response
and to ask questions for
clarifications.
 5.
Feedback
In any communication scenario, a
feedback is essential to confirm recipient
understanding. A simple nod for a question
of verification is considered a feedback.
Thus, feedbacks may be written, spoken or
acted out.
 6.
Environmen
The place, the feeling, the
t
mood, the mindset and the condition
of both sender and receiver are called
the environment. The environment
may involve the physical set-up of a
location where communication takes
place, the space occupied by both the
sender and the receiver.
7. Context
Context involves the expectations of the
sender and the receiver and the common or
shared understanding through the
environmental signals.
8.
Interferenc
Interference is also known as
ebarrier or block that prevents
effective communication to take
place.
 Kinds of Interference
a. Psychological barriers are thoughts that hamper the message
to be interpreted correctly by the receiver.

b. Physical barriers include competing stimulus, weather and

climate, health and ignorance of the medium.

c. Linguistic and cultural barriers pertain to the language and

its cultural environment. Words may mean another in different
cultures.

d. Mechanical barriers are those raised by the channels

employed for interpersonal , group or mass communication.
These include cellphones, laptops and other gadgets used in
communication.
Michael Osborn (2009) claims that communication must meet certain standards for effective
communication to take place.
Clarity

Captivating Concreteness

The Nine
Cultural Sensitivity
Principles of Courtesy

Effective
Communicati
on
Conciseness Correctness

Creativity Consideration
Clarity Correctness
Clarity makes speeches Glaring mistakes in grammar
understandable. Fuzzy language is obscures the meaning of a sentence.
absolutely forbidden, as are jargons, Also, the misuse of language can
cliché expressions, euphemisms and damage your credibility.
doublespeak language.
Concreteness Consideration
Concreteness reduces Messages must be geared
misunderstandings. Messages must be towards the audience. The sender of a
supported by facts such as research data, message must consider the recipient’s
statistics or figures. To achieve profession, race, ethnicity, interests, and
concreteness, abstract words must be age when drafting a message.
Courtesy
avoided. Creativity
Courtesy builds goodwill. It Creativity in communication
involves being polite in terms of approach means having the ability to craft
and manner of addressing an individual. interesting messages in terms of sentence
structure and word choice.
Conciseness
Simplicity and directness help you to be
concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions and words
that may confuse the recipient.

Cultural Sensitivity
Today, with the increasing emphasis on
empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles, and races
and the pursuit for gender equality, cultural
sensitivity becomes an important standard for
effective communication.
Captivating
You must strive to make messages
interesting to command more attention and better
responses.
 Ethical Considerations
in Communication
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of
right and wrong in human affairs.

Ethical Communicators:
1. Respect audience
2. Consider the result of
communication.
3. Value truth.
4. Use information correctly.
5. Do not falsify information.
That’s all!!
 Concept Grounding

Communication is understood as the

process of meaning-making through a
channel or a medium. It comes from
the Latin communicares, meaning to
share or to make ideas common.