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Stat Lecture 1

The document provides an overview of statistics and probability, defining key concepts such as random variables and their classifications into discrete and continuous types. It explains how to determine values of random variables and introduces probability distributions, including the Probability Mass Function (PMF) for discrete random variables. Additionally, it includes examples and activities for classifying random variables and assessing probability distributions.

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mendozaharry422
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29 views25 pages

Stat Lecture 1

The document provides an overview of statistics and probability, defining key concepts such as random variables and their classifications into discrete and continuous types. It explains how to determine values of random variables and introduces probability distributions, including the Probability Mass Function (PMF) for discrete random variables. Additionally, it includes examples and activities for classifying random variables and assessing probability distributions.

Uploaded by

mendozaharry422
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

Analyn B. Lamera
Subject Teacher
1
Statistics is the study and
manipulation of data, including ways
to gather, review, analyze, and draw
conclusions from data.
PROBABILITY is…

(1) : the chance that a given event will occur.


(2) : the ratio of the number of outcomes in an
exhaustive set of equally likely outcomes that
produce a given event to the total number of
possible outcomes.
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

-the branch of mathematics concerned with


the laws governing random events,
including the collection, analysis,
interpretation, and display of numerical
data.
RANDOM VARIABLES
AND
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
QUARTER III -
RANDOM VARIABLE
• A random variable is a result of chance event, that
you can measure or count.

• A random variable is a numerical quantity that is


assigned to the outcome of an experiment. It is a
variable that assumes numerical values associated
with the events of an experiment.
• A random variable is a quantitative variable which
values depends on change.

Note: We use capital letters to represent a random


CLASSIFICATIONS OF
RANDOM VARIABLE
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
• The one that can only take a finite (countable)
number of distinct values.
CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
• Can assume an infinite number of values in an
interval between two specific values.
RANDOM VARIABLES
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
A random variable whose values It is a random variable that takes
represented by a count data. values on a continuous scale. This
This happens when a set of happens when the set of possible
possible outcomes from an outcomes from an experiment
experiment can be counted such cannot be counted but can be
as the number of household in measured such as height of Grade
barangay, thus making the 11 students. Continuous random
values of a random variable variables represent measured data
countable just like whole like height, weight, and
numbers 0,1,2,3,... temperature.
RANDOM VARIABLES
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABL

• Number of planets around • Weight of newborn in the


the Sun hospital
• Number of students in a class • Height or weight of the
students in a particular class
• Number of pages in a book • Length and width of a book
• Number of items in a test • Time to finish a test
• Number of children in a • Amount of sugar in a coffee
family
ACTIVITY 1:
Classify the following random variable as Discrete or
Continuous. Number of pencils in a
1 The volume of a 6 box
prism.
The number of students
2 Speed of a train 7 with Academic Excellence

The number of gifts The area of lots in an


3 received. 8 exclusive subdivision

The number of The number of countries


4 students who joined 9 ever visited
the trip.
Voltage of car
5 batteries 10 Weight in pounds
VALUES OF A RANDOM
VARIABLE
To determine the values of the random
variable,
1. List the sample space of the experiment.
2.Count the number of the random variable in
each outcome and assign this number to this
outcome.
3.Draw a conclusion.
Suppose two coins are tossed and we are interested to
determine the number of tails that will come out. Let us
use T to represent the number of tails that will come
out. Determine the values of the random variable T.
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement
from an urn containing 5 orange balls and 6 violet
balls. Let V be the random variable representing the
number of violet balls. Find the values of the random
variable V.
Suppose three test kits are tested at random. Let D represent
the defective test kit and let N represent the non-defective
test kit. If we let X be the random variable for the number of
defective test kits, construct the probability distribution of
the random variable X.

To determine the values of the random


variable,
1. List the sample space of the experiment.
2.Count the number of the random variable in
each outcome and assign this number to this
outcome.
3.Draw a conclusion.
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF A
RANDOM VARIABLE
QUARTER III -
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
It is the set of all possible values of the
random variable X, together with their
corresponding associated probabilities.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
If X is a discrete random variable, the
probability distribution is called a Probability
Mass Function of PMF. The PMF may be
expressed in tabular or graphical form.
Properties of a Probability Distribution

2.
0 ≤ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) ≤ 1
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OR NOT?

0 ≤ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) ≤ 1
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
1 1 1 1
+ + + + + ⅙ =1
6 6 6 6
DISTRIBUTION
∑ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 )=1
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OR NOT?
NOT

0 ≤ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) ≤ 1
0.05 +0.25 + 0.33 + 0.25 +0.08 = 0.96 ≠ 1

×
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OR NOT?

0 ≤ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) ≤ 1
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
2 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.2 =1
DISTRIBUTION
∑ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 )=1
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OR NOT?

× NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY


DISTRIBUTION
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OR NOT?
Determine whether the table shows a discrete probability
distribution. If it is not, identify the property or properties that
are not satisfied.

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