“Reading is like breathing in, and writing is

like breathing out.” – Pam Allyn

 What is the
connection of reading and
writing?
reading
influence
writing?
Techniques in Lesson 2
Selecting and
Organizing
Information
- Brainstorming list
- Graphic organizer
ROSANNA MARIE C. JAVIER
Reading and Writing Skills Teacher
 Group
BRAINSTORMING
 GROUP BRAINSTORMING
 Brainstorm ideas based on the given topic and
make a list.
 Take a look at the list and see which ideas are
related. Use lines, arrows, asterisks, or whatever
works for you to illustrate those connections.
Group 1 Topic: Social Media
Group 2 Topic: Cyberbullying
Group 3 Topic: Poverty
Group 4 Topic: Education
Group 5 Topic: Early Pregnancy
 GROUP BRAINSTORMING
 Choose two of the remaining topics
in your list and freewrite about each
chosen topic for five minutes.
Freewriting means using a topic as a
triggering subject and writing
whatever comes to mind, whether
you associate it with the topic or not.
 IN G
ORM
N ST
A I
BR
 What is
 ItBrainstorming?
is an individual or group activity.
 Brainstorming will help us to make a
solution to a particular problem.
 What is
 IsBrainstorming?
an intervention and discovery
strategy in which the writer
collaborates with others to explore
topics, develop ideas,
and/or propose
solutions to a problem.
 What is the purpose
of Brainstorming?
 Purpose of a brainstorming session
is to work as a group to define a
problem and find a plan of action to
solve it.
Five Strategies
of
Brainstorming
 1.)
Cubing
- it
is is
a an idea examined
brainstorming from distinct
strategy.
viewpoints:
● Describe the topic
● Compare and Contrast
● Associate it
● Analyze
● Apply it, and
● Argue for or aginst it.
1a. Describe the topic – How do you
describe the topic? It is like “What is it?”
1b. Compare – Compare and contrast it. “
What Is it like or unlike”
1c. Associate it – how does the topic
connect to other issues you’ve dealt with
before?/ It is like “What does it remind you
of?”
1d. Analyze it – What smaller parts
make up the whole? Is it possible to
break down the issue?
1e. Apply it – How is it used? Who uses
it?
1f. Argue for or against it – Explain
your position for supporting or not
supporting it.
 Another way of
Cubing
First –Describe the topic, its features,
parts, and challenges, then compare
and contrast it with other ideas.
Secondly – trace the topic’s history,
influences, and evolution
Third – Map the topic to similar
contemporary and its influences.
 2.) Free
Writing
- Set a time limit and number of words
or pages, Just write and write. You don’t
know what to write? Then write that.
Just write.
- it allows someone to work
without inhibitions.
 3.) Listing
- List the topics
- Make a list of things you could write in
each topic
4.)
- akaMapping
webbing or clustering
- it involves writing down ideas
and making connections by
associating similar ideas with
color-coded circles or underlined
dominant themes
 5.)
Researching
- The last technique under
Brainstorming.
- discover facts by investigation.
 H I C
RA P R
G IZ E
G A N
OR
 What is Graphic
Organizer?
Are a way to organize information
visually to see how ideas relate to
one another.
 1.)toMind
- is used representMap
your knowledge of
a concept or idea.
- It is useful for brainstorming and
exploring topics or ideas. To create it,
start with an image or a word that
represents the central idea.
1.) Mind Map
 2.) Venn Diagram
- is used to show the similarities
and differences between two or
more people, objects, or ideas.
 3.) Flow Chart
- is used to show the different step
in a process.
- It contains information on the
stages of a process in the order
that must be a completed.
 4.) Hierarchical
Topical Organizer
- shows the order of ideas and
their place in a hierarchy.
Steps in organizing
information by using any
graphic organizer
1. Think of a general topic for
writing.
2. Brainstorm ideas based on the
topic and write them down.
3. Select a graphic organizer to
arrange your ideas.
 Benefits of using Graphic
●Organizers
Helping students structure a writing project
● Encouraging students to make decisions
● Making it easy for students to classify ideas and
communicate
● Allowing students to examine the relationship
between concepts
● Guiding students in demonstrating their thinking
process
● Helping students improve reading
comprehension
● Making it easy to brainstorm
 O. 1
IZ N
QU
Identify which graphic organizer
would be most appropriate in
presenting the topics below.
1. Comparison between heroes
2. Enrollment process
3. Taxonomy of animals
4. Ideas for an upcoming halloween party
5. President Rodrigo Duterte and
President Donald Trump
 IN E
U TL
I C O
TOP
Another way of organizing
information is through an outline.
An outline organizes materials
sequentially, which allows you to
group materials by similar concepts
or content and put them into
logical order. The arrangement
A topic outline is a list of ideas
arranged in a specific order, and it
shows how information is
presented in writing. It is a list of
the main points and supporting
ideas that the writer intends to
discuss in writing. It uses keywords
or key phrases instead of complete
A topic outline is divided into two
levels: the headings and the
subheadings. The headings
represent the main ideas and are
indicated by Roman numerals. The
subheadings represent the
supporting ideas: they are
indicated by capital letters and are
Sub-subheadings are the specific
details or concrete examples of the
supporting ideas. However, these
are optional and only given when
necessary. They are marked by
Arabic numbers (e.g., 1,2,3 …) and
are intended.
 Steps in
Writing a Topic
Outline
1. Identify your topic, thesis
statement, and purpose for writing.
Your thesis statement is
the central idea of your writing,
and your purpose for writing will
help you come up with the main
points and supporting ideas in your
writing.
2. Figure out the main points.
Doing so will help you come up
with the structure of your
writing.
3. Arrange the main points in a
logical order. You can arrange them
from the least
important to the most important.

4. Identify and write down the

supporting ideas for each main
point.
5. Evaluate your outline. Ask
yourself, have you included
everything important? Is there
anything else that should be added
or excluded?
 N C E
NT E
S E IN E
UT L
O
A sentence outline has the
same function as a topic
outline. It is quite more
specific because it already
states the main idea and
the supporting ideas in full
 Choose 2 of the following
questions and answer it.
1. Did you ever start writing a paper without an outline
to refer to?
2. How did you feel about writing a paper without an
outline? Did you get stressed or frustrated, or were
you okay with it?
3. Did you know what the main idea was that needed to
be supported throughout?
4. Did you have enough details to support what you
wanted to say?
5. How many times have you read the essay during the
 OR K
N W
T TE
RI . 2
W N O
Get your copy of your
brainstorming list from Lesson 1.
This time, organize your shortlisted
ideas in a graphic organizer of your
choice.
 N C E
M A
F O R . 1
PE R N O
S K
TA
GOAL
Present significant information
relevant to your strand. The topic that
you will be choosing
should not be among the topics being
discussed by your teacher. Research
about an original topic that you can
share with your classmates. Present
the topic as an expert through an
Role
You are an expert in the field who has
been invited to present an innovative or
significant
information relevant to your strand.
Audience
Your audience is composed of your
classmates and other schoolmates in the
same strand, as well as your teachers.
Situation
You have been invited to a conference as
an expert of your field. As one of the
invited
lecturers, you are tasked to present a
significant or innovative topic based on
your field.
Product
Create a slide presentation to present your topic in
front of your audience. Your product needs to include
the following:
1. A well-developed topic outline or sentence outline
for your audience to follow;
2. A well-constructed script/speech that you will
speak on. Take note that you are not supposed to
read the slides verbatim during your presentation.
The slide presentation shall only serve as a visual aid
for your audience; and
Thanks for
Listening!