Scribd
Upload
3 views15 pages

Random Variables and Probability Distributions (2) With Solutions

The document provides an overview of random variables and probability distributions, defining key terms such as probability, sample space, and events. It explains the characteristics of discrete probability distributions, including the calculation of mean, variance, and standard deviation. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises for understanding these concepts in a statistical context.

Uploaded by

Iza Anne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views15 pages

Random Variables and Probability Distributions (2) With Solutions

The document provides an overview of random variables and probability distributions, defining key terms such as probability, sample space, and events. It explains the characteristics of discrete probability distributions, including the calculation of mean, variance, and standard deviation. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises for understanding these concepts in a statistical context.

Uploaded by

Iza Anne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

z

RANDOM VARIABLES &


PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY


Math & Physics Department
z
Definition of Terms
Probability – describes the level of certainty
(likelihood, chance or possibility)
- probability (outcome) can be expressed in
decimal,
fraction or percentage
Probability Distribution is a table, graph, formula or notation which
supplies the probability of a given outcome’s occurrence.
Sample Space (S) – set of all possible outcomes of an experiment

Experiment – simple process of noting an outcome

Outcome – a direct measurement or answer obtained after an experiment

Event (E) – set of all expected outcomes from the sample space (S)
z
Sample Space and
Events
Infinite Sample Space – if the number in the sample space is not finite
Event (E) – a subset of the sample space.
Simple Event – an event that contains only one sample point
Null Space (Empty Set) – no element or outcome in it

Finite Sample Space S = {0,1,2,3,4,5}


Infinite Sample Space S = {S1, S2, S3, S4,…, Sn}

Null Sample Space S = {Ø}


Random Variable
z
- a variable determined by chance. A function that associates a real
number with each element in the sample space

Discrete random variable – countable possible outcomes

Continuous random variable – take values on a continuous scale


Discrete Probability
Distributions
z
A discrete probability distribution (probability mass function)
consists of values a random variable can assume.
A probability distribution must satisfy the following conditions:

In Words In Symbols
1. The probability of each value of the
discrete random variable is between 0 and 0  P (x)  1
1, inclusive.
1 – means event is very likely to occur
0 – its not likely to occur

2. The sum of all the


ΣP (x) = 1
probabilities is equal to one.
MEAN of Discrete Random
Variable
z The mean µ of a random variable with a discrete probability distribution is:

µ = X1 ⦁ P(X1) + X2 ⦁ P(X2) + . . . , +
Xn ⦁ P(Xn)
or = ∑X ⦁ P(X)
µ
X1 , X2 , … , Xn values of the
Where:

random variable X
P(X1), P(X2), … , P(Xn) corresponding
probabilities
STEPS
1. Construct the probability distribution.
2. Multiply the value of the random variable X by the
corresponding probability P(X).
3. Get the sum (results) obtained in step 2.
VARIANCE and STANDARD
DEVIATION of Discrete
z

Random Variable
σ2 = X2 ⦁ P(X) - µ2
Variance
Where:
X = value of the random variable
P(X) = probability of the random variable
Standard Deviation
(µ = ∑X ⦁ P(X) )
µ = mean of the probability distribution
σ=
=
Example 1
The probabilities that a customer will buy 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 items in a grocery
storez are , , , , and respectively. What is the average number of items
that a customer will buy?Find the Variance and Standard Deviation.
z

σ2 = X2 ⦁ P(X) - µ2
Variance Standard Deviation
σ==
Example 2
Complete the table below and find the MEAN, VARIANCE and
STANDARD DEVIATION of the following probability distribution.
z
X P(X)
z
3 0.15
6 0.35
8 0.40
10 0.10
= =

σ2 = X2 ⦁ P(X) - µ2
Variance Standard Deviation
σ==
z
Mean
=6.75

Variance
= 3.9875

Standard Deviation
= 1.9969
ASYNCHRONOUS
z
LEARNING
A. Check your understanding
A bakeshop owner determines the number of boxes of pandesal that are delivered each
day. Find the mean of the probability distribution shown. If the manager stated that 35
boxes of pandesal were delivered in one day, do you think that this is a believable
claim?
ASYNCHRONOUS
z
LEARNING
B. Check your understanding
The number of items sold per day at a retails store, with its corresponding probabilities,
is shown in the table. Find the variance and standard deviation of the probability
distribution.
ASYNCHRONOUS
z
LEARNING
C. Advance Reading
- Normal Probability Distribution
- What is Z-score
- How to find the area under the normal
curve

Math & Physics Department MAT 3 – Statistics & Probability

You might also like