Basics of ICT

Understanding
Information and
Communication
Technology
WHAT IS ICT?
• ICT stands for Information and
Communication Technology.
• It involves the use of
technology to communicate,
store, and process
information.
• ICT REFERS TO THE CONCEPT OF
USING TECHNOLOGY TO GET
INFORMATION.
•ICT INVOLVES THE USE OF COMPUTERS
AND OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES TO
ACCESS INFORMATION EASILY AND
QUICKLY.
• ICT refers to technologies that
provides access to information
through telecommunications.
• This includes the internet,
wireless networks, cell phones, and
other communication media.
INTERNET
• The internet is a worldwide system of
interconnected computer networks.
When you connect your computer to the
Internet via your Internet Service.
• Provider Internet Service Provider
(ISP), you become part of the ISPs
network, which is connected to other
networks that make up the Internet.
To connect to the Internet, the following are
needed:
• A computer telephone line- for wired
and wireless network, modem and/or
router, an Internet Service Provider
(ISP), Web browser, e.g., Mozilla
Firefox, Google Chrome, Ms Edge,
Safari, Opera, etc.
 NETWORKS
Computer network is a group of two or more
computer systems connected together.
Computer networks serve a number of
purposes:
Communications such as email, instant
messaging, chat rooms, etc.
Shared hardware such as printers and input
devices.
TYPES OF NETWORK
1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK
 A LAN covers a small/limited area
such as one site or building, e.g., a
school or a university campus.
 It is a privately owned computer
network covering a small Networks
geographical area, like a home, office,
or groups of buildings.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
MAN is larger than a local area
network and it covers the area of a
single city.
MAN rarely extend beyond 100KM
compromise a combination of
different hardware and transmission
media.
3. WIDE AREA NETWORK
WAN it is about wide-range and
high-speed networks, which
make use of satellites, cabling,
microwaves and new
technologies to cover an
extensive geographical portion.
COMPUTER
VIRUSES
AND
EXAMPLES
Understanding Malware
and How It Impacts
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
● Define what a computer virus
is and explain its purpose.
● Identify different types of
computer viruses and their
characteristics.
● Understand how computer
viruses spread.
● Explore real-world examples
of computer viruses.
● Learn strategies to protect
computers from viruses.
Key Vocabulary
Computer Virus: A type of Antivirus
malicious software designed to Software: A
harm, disrupt, or steal program
information from a computer.
designed to
Malware: Short for detect, prevent,
"malicious software," it and remove
includes viruses, worms, viruses and other
and other harmful malware from
What is a Computer Virus?
Definition Purpose
A computer virus is a ● Steal sensitive
type of malicious information
software that ● Corrupt or delete
attaches itself to a data
program or file. When ● Disrupt system
executed, it can operations
spread to other ● Gain unauthorized
programs or files and access to systems
How Do Viruses Spread?
Email Downloading Files
Attachments Downloading software or
media from untrusted
Opening infected files sources.
sent via email.
Types of Computer Viruses
File Infector Macro Boot Sector
Virus: Virus: Virus: Infects
Attaches to Targets the boot
executable software like sector of a
files and Microsoft storage
spreads when Word or Excel device,
the file is run. by infecting affecting
macros. system
startup.
Examples of Famous Viruses
ILOVEYOU: A WannaCry: A Stuxnet: A
virus that ransomware sophisticated
spread through attack in 2017 virus targeting
email in 2000, that encrypted industrial
causing billions files and control systems
in damages. demanded in 2010.
payment.
Protecting Against Viruses
Best Practices
● Install and update antivirus
software regularly.
● Avoid opening email
attachments from unknown
senders.
● Download software only from
trusted sources.
● Keep your operating system
and applications updated.
● Use strong passwords and
Protecting Against Viruses
● Don’t Use Open Wi-Fi
● Think before you click
● To ensure we do not lose the
content or save files on our
system it is always important to
back up our data.
● Use a strong password and never
use the same password,
especially on your bank account.
Summary
Key Takeaways
● Computer viruses are malicious
programs designed to harm systems
or steal information.
● They can spread through email,
downloads, and other means.
● Common types include file infector,
macro, and boot sector viruses.
● Famous examples like ILOVEYOU and
WannaCry highlight their potential
impact.
● Protecting your computer requires
vigilance, antivirus software, and safe
online habits.