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11 Generation of Computers

The document outlines the evolution of computers through five generations, starting with vacuum tubes in the first generation (1940-1956) and transitioning to transistors in the second generation (1956-1963). The third generation (1964-1971) introduced integrated circuits, while the fourth generation (1971-present) saw the advent of microprocessors, allowing for significant miniaturization. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and aims to create devices capable of learning and responding to natural language.

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Pritam Meher
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31 views9 pages

11 Generation of Computers

The document outlines the evolution of computers through five generations, starting with vacuum tubes in the first generation (1940-1956) and transitioning to transistors in the second generation (1956-1963). The third generation (1964-1971) introduced integrated circuits, while the fourth generation (1971-present) saw the advent of microprocessors, allowing for significant miniaturization. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and aims to create devices capable of learning and responding to natural language.

Uploaded by

Pritam Meher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERATION OF

COMPUTERS
First Generation (1940-1956)
Vacuum Tubes
 The first computers used vacuum tubes for
circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and
were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
They were very expensive to operate and in
addition to using a great deal of electricity, the
first computers generated a lot of heat, which
was often the cause of malfunctions.
 The first computer, ENIAC, was developed by
Army Ordnance to compute World War II
ballistic firing tables. It weighed 30 tons and
used 200 kilowatts of electric power.
Second Generation (1956-
1963) Transistors
 Transistors replace vacuum tubes and
ushered in the second generation of
computers. The transistor was invented
in 1947 but did not see widespread use
in computers until the late 1950s. The
transistor was far superior to the
vacuum tube, allowing computers to
become smaller, faster, cheaper, more
energy-efficient and more reliable than
their first-generation predecessors.
Third Generation (1964-1971)
Integrated Circuits
 The development of the
integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third
generation of computers.
Transistors were
miniaturized and placed on
silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which
drastically increased the
speed and efficiency of
computers.
Fourth Generation (1971-
Present) Microprocessors
 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation
of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the
first generation filled an entire room could now fit in
the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip,
developed in 1971, located all the components of
the computer—from the central processing unit and
memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.
Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond)
Artificial Intelligence
 Fifth generation computing devices, based on
artificial intelligence, are still in development,
though there are some applications, such as
voice recognition, that are being used today. The
use of parallel processing and superconductors is
helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
Quantum computation and molecular and
nanotechnology will radically change the face of
computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-
generation computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and are capable
of learning and self-organization.

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