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Lecture 1.1.4 (Overview of Memory and IO Addressing)

The document provides an overview of memory and I/O addressing in computer organization, detailing three methods for system bus allocation. It explains isolated I/O, where separate control lines are used for I/O and memory, and memory-mapped I/O, which shares the same address space for both. Additionally, it lists reference books and websites for further reading on the topic.

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34 views8 pages

Lecture 1.1.4 (Overview of Memory and IO Addressing)

The document provides an overview of memory and I/O addressing in computer organization, detailing three methods for system bus allocation. It explains isolated I/O, where separate control lines are used for I/O and memory, and memory-mapped I/O, which shares the same address space for both. Additionally, it lists reference books and websites for further reading on the topic.

Uploaded by

aashishmahajan300
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University Institute of Engineering

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE


(23CST-204/23ITT-204)

ER. SHIKHA ATWAL


E11186

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

BE-CSE
Overview of memory and I/O addressing
As a CPU needs to communicate with the various memory and input/output
devices (I/O), we know that data between the processor and these devices flows
with the help of the system bus. There are three ways in which a system bus can
be allotted to them:

1. separate sets of address, control, and data buses to I/O and memory.
2. Have a common bus (data and address) for I/O and memory but separate
control lines.
3. Have a common bus (data, address, and control) for I/O and memory.

In the first case, it is simple because both have different sets of address space
and instructions but require more buses.
Isolated I/O
Then we have isolated I/O, in which we have a common bus (data and address)
for I/O and memory but separate read and write control lines for I/O. So,
when the CPU decodes an instruction, if the data is for I/O, it places the
address on the address line and set I/O read or write control line, due to which
data transfer occurs between the CPU and I/O. Because the address space of
memory and I/O is isolated, as is the name, the address for I/O here is called
ports. Here we have different read-write instructions for both I/O and memory.
Memory-mapped I/O

Every bus has something in common in this case because the same set of
instructions is used for memory and I/O. Hence, we manipulate I/O the same as
memory, and both have the same address space, due to which the addressing
capability of memory becomes less as some part is occupied by the I/O.
Differences between memory mapped I/O and
isolated I/O
References
Reference Books:
● J.P. Hayes, “Computer
Architecture and
Organization”, Third
Edition.
● Mano, M., “Computer
System Architecture”,
Third Edition, Prentice
Hall.
● Stallings, W., “Computer Organization and Architecture”, Eighth
Edition, Pearson Education.
Text Books:
● Carpinelli J.D,” Computer systems organization & Architecture”,
Fourth Edition, Addison Wesley.
Reference Website:

● Memory Maps and I/O Addressing | Basics of Programmable Logic


Controllers (PLCs) | Automation Textbook
● Memory and I/O Interfacing - javatpoint
● Memory-Mapped vs. Isolated I/O | Baeldung on Computer Science

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