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Ethernet

The document provides an overview of the Data Link Layer, specifically focusing on Ethernet technology, which was invented in 1973 and has evolved from LAN to MAN/WAN applications. It details the components of Ethernet, including Network Interface Cards and various interfaces, as well as the structure of Ethernet frames, which consist of fields such as Preamble, Destination Address, and Cyclic Redundancy Check. Additionally, it briefly mentions other networking technologies like MPLS, Token Ring, and FDDI.

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3 views14 pages

Ethernet

The document provides an overview of the Data Link Layer, specifically focusing on Ethernet technology, which was invented in 1973 and has evolved from LAN to MAN/WAN applications. It details the components of Ethernet, including Network Interface Cards and various interfaces, as well as the structure of Ethernet frames, which consist of fields such as Preamble, Destination Address, and Cyclic Redundancy Check. Additionally, it briefly mentions other networking technologies like MPLS, Token Ring, and FDDI.

Uploaded by

01fe21bcs261
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data-link-layer

Data Link Layer - Ethernet


• Invented in 1973 @ Xerox. (IEEE 802.3)
• Originally a LAN technology – extended to MAN / WAN.
• Same frame format, different wiring schemes, data rates across
generations.
• Most common version (10BaseT) – 1990.
Ethernet Components

• NIC – Network Interface Card


• Integrated Tx/Rx – direct interface to medium.
• MAU – Media Attachment Unit
• Attaches network interface to the medium (integrated into NIC).
• AUI – Attachment Unit Interface
• Decouple physical layer -reuse MAC design with different media.
• MII – Media Independent Interface
• Like AUI for gigabit / faster ethernets.
Ethernet frame format
• PREAMBLE - Ethernet frames begin with a 7-byte. This is a sequence of alternate 0s and 1s that denotes the beginning of the frame
and enables bit synchronization between the sender and receiver. PRE (Preamble) was initially developed to accommodate the loss of
a few bits as a result of signal delays. However, the frame bits in high-speed Ethernet today are protected without the need for a
preamble.
Prior to the actual frame beginning, PRE (Preamble) alerts the receiver that a frame is about to start and enables the receiver to lock
onto the data stream.
• Start of frame Delimiter (SFD) - This 1-byte field is always set to 10101011. The destination address is the next set of bits that will
begin the frame, as indicated by SFD. The preamble is frequently referred to as 8 Bytes since SFD is sometimes seen as a component
of PRE. The SFD notifies the station or stations that synchronization is now impossible.
• Destination Address - This 6-Byte element contains the MAC address of the device for which the data is intended.
• Source Address - This 6-byte element contains the source machine's MAC address. Since Source Address is always a unique address
(Unicast), 0 is always the least significant bit of the first byte.
• Length - A 2-Byte field called Length represents the size of an Ethernet frame as a whole. Due to some inherent constraints of
Ethernet, this 16-bit field can store length values from 0 to 65534, but length values greater than 1500 are not permitted.
• Data - This area, sometimes referred to as the Payload, is where the real data is placed. If Internet Protocol is utilised via Ethernet,
both the IP header and data will be placed here. The longest possible piece of data might be 1500 bytes long. If the data length is less
than the minimum length, which is 46 bytes, padding 0's are appended to make up the difference.
• Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) - CRC is a field of 4 bytes. The data in this field is a 32-bit hash code created using the fields for the
destination address, source address, length, and data. Data is damaged if the checksum calculated by the destination differs from the
checksum value supplied
MPLS
TOKEN RING
FDDI -RING
Data center Equipment's
•?

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