Scribd
Upload
11 views11 pages

XHTML

XHTML, or Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML designed to replace it, functioning as a bridge between HTML and XML. XHTML requires well-formed documents with properly nested elements, lowercase tag and attribute names, and all elements must be closed. Additionally, every XHTML document must begin with a DOCTYPE declaration referencing one of the available Document Type Definitions (DTDs).

Uploaded by

22f3000894
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views11 pages

XHTML

XHTML, or Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML designed to replace it, functioning as a bridge between HTML and XML. XHTML requires well-formed documents with properly nested elements, lowercase tag and attribute names, and all elements must be closed. Additionally, every XHTML document must begin with a DOCTYPE declaration referencing one of the available Document Type Definitions (DTDs).

Uploaded by

22f3000894
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

XHTML

CSE(M)
Dr. Koyel Datta Gupta
What is XHTML?
XHTML stands for Extensible Hypertext
Markup Language
XHTML is aimed to replace HTML
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01
XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of
HTML
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a
markup language designed for describing
data
XHTML is HTML redefined as an XML
application
XHTML is a “bridge” between HTML and XML
The problem with HTML
HTML started out as a way of describing the
structure of documents, with tags to indicate
headers, paragraphs, and the like
Because people wanted to control the
appearance of documents, HTML acquired tags
to control fonts, alignment, etc.
The result is a markup language that does both,
but isn’t very good at either
From HTML to XHTML
XHTML elements must be properly nested
<b><i>bold and italic</b></i> is wrong
XHTML documents must be well-formed
<html>
<head> ... </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>
Tag names must be in lowercase
All XHTML elements must be closed
If an HTML tag is not a container, close it like
this:
<br />, <hr />, <image src="smile.gif" />
Note: Some browsers require a space before the /
From HTML to XHTML
Attribute names must also be in lower case
 Example: <table width="100%">
Attribute values must be quoted
 Example: <table width="100%">
Attribute minimization is forbidden
 Example: <frame noresize="noresize">,
cannot be abbreviated to <frame noresize>
The id attribute replaces the name attribute
 Wrong: <img src="picture.gif" name="picture1" />
 Right: <img src="picture.gif" id="picture1" />
 Best: <img src="picture.gif" name="picture1"
id="picture1" />
SGML and DTDs
SGML stands for “Standard Generalized Markup
Language”
HTML, XHTML, XML and many other markup
languages are defined in SGML
A DTD, or “Document Type Definition” describes
the syntax to use for the current document
There are three different DTDs for XHTML--you can
pick the one you want
 These DTDs are public and on the web
 You must start your XHTML document with a reference to
one of these DTDs
DOCTYPE declaration
Every XHTML document must begin
with one of the DOCTYPE declarations
(DTDs):
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"


"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"


"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
DOCTYPE declaration
The three main DTDs are as
follows:
Strict
 Use for really clean markup, with no
display information (no font, color, or size
information)
 Use with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) if

you want to define how the document


should look
Transitional
 Use with standard HTML and/or with CSS
 Allows deprecated HTML elements
An XHTML Example
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>A simple document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>A simple paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Testing an XHTML Document
• To test under another DTD, you’ll need to
change the DOCTYPE declaration.

Changing the DOCTYPE declaration to XHTML 1.0 strict


Using Style Sheets and XHTML
• Parsed character data (PCDATA) is text
parsed by a browser or parser.
• Unparsed character data (CDATA) is text not
processed by the browser or parser.

You might also like