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Lesson 2 Material Selection

The document provides an overview of material selection for equipment, classifying materials into metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and advanced materials. It details the properties and applications of metals and alloys, including ferrous materials and various types of steel, as well as ceramics and their classifications. Additionally, it highlights the characteristics and applications of polymers and thermoplastics.

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John Frix Alejano
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11 views30 pages

Lesson 2 Material Selection

The document provides an overview of material selection for equipment, classifying materials into metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and advanced materials. It details the properties and applications of metals and alloys, including ferrous materials and various types of steel, as well as ceramics and their classifications. Additionally, it highlights the characteristics and applications of polymers and thermoplastics.

Uploaded by

John Frix Alejano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1B

MATERIAL SELECTION
for
EQUIPMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF
MATERIALS

Generally, materials engineering


may be classified into the following
categories:

• Metals and alloys.


• Ceramics.
• Polymers.
• Composites.
• Advanced materials: such as
semiconductors, biomaterials,
smart materials, and
nanoengineered materials.
METALS AND ALLOYS

• Metals are elements which


have free valence electrons
which are responsible for
their good thermal and
electrical conductivity.
• Metals readily loose their
electrons to form positive
ions.
• The metallic bond is held by
electrostatic force between
delocalized electron and
positive ions.
METALS AND ALLOYS

Alloys

• Alloys are metallic materials formed by mixing


two or more elements.

Examples :
Mild steel --- Fe + C
Stainless steel --- Fe + C +Cr + Mn …etc
C improves strength
Cr improves corrosion resistance, etc
CLASSIFICATION OF METTALIC MATERIALS
FERROUS MATERIALS
FERROUS MATERIALS - STEELS
SAE CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL
OTHER CLASSIFICATION
LOW CARBON STEEL
LOW CARBON STEEL
PROPERTIES AND TYPICAL APPLICATION OF SOME LOW
CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS
MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
COMPOSITION OF SOME ALLOYED MEDIUM CARBON STEELS
HIGH CARBON STEEL
COMPOSITIONS AND APPLICATION OF SOME TOOL STEELS
EFFECTS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON STEEL
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF
METALS

• High electrical conductivity


• High thermal conductivity
• Ductile and relatively high stiffness
• Toughness and strength
• They are ready to machining,
casting , forming , stamping and
welding.
• Susceptible to corrosion
CERAMICS
•A ceramic is an inorganic non-metallic
solid made up of either metal or non-
metal compounds, usually oxides (SiO2,
Al2O3, MgO, TiO2, BaO), Carbides
(SiC), Nitrides (Si3N4), Borides (TiB2),
Silicides (WSi2, MoSi2), that have been
shaped and then hardened by heating
to high temperatures. In general, they
are hard, corrosion-resistant and brittle.
CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS

A. Based on Application
Traditional Ceramics: Includes pottery,
china, porcelain products…etc, these
products utilizes natural ceramic ores.

Advanced Ceramics: Alumina,


magnesia, Carbides, Nitrides, Borides,
Silicides …etc, they are synthetic
materials, usually of better mechanical
properties. Electronic ceramics falls in
the same category.
CLASSIFICATION OF
CERAMICS

B. Based on Composition
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF CERAMICS

PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS

• Light weight • Electrical insulators


• Hard • Thermal insulation and coatings
• High strength • Windows
• Stronger in compression than • television screens
tension • optical fibers (glass)
• Tend to be brittle • Electrical devices: capacitors, varistors,
• Low electrical conductivity transducers, etc.
• High temperature resistance • Highways and roads (concrete)
• Corrosion resistance • Building blocks (bricks)
• Building binders (cement, gypsum)
• Biocompatible coatings (fusion to bone)
• Magnetic materials (audio/video tapes, hard
disks, etc.
GLASS
KEY PROPERETIES OF GLASS
POLYMERS
CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME COMMON
THERMOPLASTICS

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