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Basic Concepts in Anatomy

The document outlines basic concepts in anatomy, including definitions, approaches to studying anatomy, and anatomical terminology. It covers traditional types of anatomy, anatomical positions, planes, sections, axes, and movement terms. The content is structured to aid learners in understanding and using anatomical terms consistently and appropriately.

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simazuorobert196
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3 views20 pages

Basic Concepts in Anatomy

The document outlines basic concepts in anatomy, including definitions, approaches to studying anatomy, and anatomical terminology. It covers traditional types of anatomy, anatomical positions, planes, sections, axes, and movement terms. The content is structured to aid learners in understanding and using anatomical terms consistently and appropriately.

Uploaded by

simazuorobert196
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Concepts in Anatomy

Dr Mbawe Zulu, MScHA,


Lecturer-Researcher, Department of Anatomy,
University of Zambia School of Medicine
The learner should be able to:
1. Define and use basic anatomical terms
appropriately and consistently
2. Outline basic approaches to studying
anatomy

03/07/2025 Dr Mbawe Zulu 2


Anatomy
Etymology of the term
1. Anatome [Gr]: Ana= apart; tome=to cut
2. Dissection [L]: Dis= to put asunder; secare=to cut
Without qualification= human gross anatomy

Anatomy : scientific study of form, disposition and structure of body


tissues, organs, regions and systems as they relate to function.

Traditional types of anatomy


1. Macroscopic
2. Microscopic
3. Developmental

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Basic Anatomical Terms
Selected major dossiers leading to smooth
nomenclature in anatomical sciences
after 18th Century
1. Basle Nomina Anatomica
2. Birmingham Revision
3. Jena Nomina Anatomica
4. Terminologia Anatomica

03/07/2025 Dr Mbawe Zulu 4


Anatomical position
1. Conventional reference position
2. Erect or supine
3. Limbs adducted
4. Hand adducted and palm facing forward
5. Big toe facing forward
6. Head facing forward
7. Eyes gazing the horizon

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Broad categories of Anatomical
Terminology
1. Static: i.positional, ii. directional
2. Dynamic

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Planes
In order to gain a three dimensional
description of structures three
geometrical planes are recognised, viz;
1. Median plane
2. Coronal plane
3. Transverse plane

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Median plane
1. Medial
2. Lateral
3. Intermediate

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Coronal plane
1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Intermediate

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Transverse plane
1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Intermediate

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Sections
1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse

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Axes
1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse

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Laterality
1. Unilateral
2. Bilateral
3. Contralateral
4. Ipsilateral

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Superficiality
1. Superficial
2. Deep
3. Intermediate

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‘Vaginity’ in hollow organs
1. Evagination
2. Invagination

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Proximity in limbs
1. Proximal
2. Distal

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Movement terms
A.Sagittal movements:
Flexion/Extension

B. Coronal movements:
Adduction/Abduction

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Movement terms
C. Transverse movements
Medial rotation/Lateral rotation
Pronation/Supination

D. Translational movements
Elevation/Depression
Protraction/Retraction

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Movement in the hand
Digital movements

MPJs &IPJs=Flexion/Extension

MPJ=Adduction/abduction

Digitus pollicis=Pollex: Oppositon/Reposition

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Movement in foot
Digital movements
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/abduction

Subtalar joint: inversion / eversion


Ankle joint: plantarflexion / dorsiflexion

03/07/2025 Dr Mbawe Zulu 20

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