Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics
DENSITY
PRESSURE
PASCAL’S, ARCHIMEDES’ and BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLES
VISCOSITY
Prepared by:
Prof MARIE ROSE D. JASARENO
Physics Dept, BUCS
Legazpi City
FLUID MECHANICS
- is a branch of Physics dealing with the action
of fluid at rest or in motion, and with applications and
devices in engineering using fluids.
2 Major Areas:
Relative Density :
ρ
RD(specificgravity) = --------
Relative Density:
Example:
For solid and liquids, water at 4o Celsius is
usually the standard which is equal to 1g/cm3.
Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3, so its
specific gravity is 19.3 g/cm3 divided by 1g/cm3 or
19.3.
Vw = mw/ρw
= 2/3 ( 70 kg ) ( 1000 kg/m3)
= 0.05 m3
2.)An irregular gold nugget (RD= 19.3) is
found, but no balance is available to
determine its mass. Water is poured into
graduated cylinder and when the nugget is
dropped into the water the reading increased
by 3.75mL. What is the mass of the gold
nugget?
STRAIN
- is the quantitative description of the resulting
deformation due to the applied force
- Defined as the ratio of the change in length of the
object to the original length of the object
change in l
STRAIN= ---------------
original L
RELATIONSHIP OF STRESS AND STRAIN
- Thomas Young, a British physicist
- HE found that “ for the small value of tensile
stress and tensile strain, their ratio was
constant for a given object”.
STRESS
YOUNG’s MODULUS of ELASTICITY= Y = -------------
STRAIN
PRESSURE
Pabs= Psurface +
Pliquid
A
B
Suppose a
weight of 20N is
dropped to areas A, B,
C,. which among the
three would feel the C
weight the most?
Why\?
Pascal’s Principle
Concept of BLAISE PASCAL
“THE PRESSURE APPLIED TO AN ENCLOSED FLUID IS
TRANSMITTED EQUALLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS AND TO
ALL PARS OF THE ENCLOSING VESSEL”
Another statement of his law goes “ AN
EXERNAL PRESSURE EXERTED ON A STATIC
ENCLOSED FLUID IS TRANSMITTED UNIFORMLY
THROUGHOUT THE VOLUME OF THE LIQUID
EX. Hydraulic lift
<P P> <P P>
<P P> X P>
X <P
->
->
->
->
->
->
B= (pV)g B=
W in water – W in liquid
How does an airplane stay up in the air?
4 forces acting on an airplane in flight: THRUST, DRUG, WEIGHT, LIFT.
THE SECRET
OF HOW
AIRPLANES
ABLE TO STAY
UP IS
ATTRIBUTED
Thrust- forward force provided by the plane’s engine TO THEIR
Drag- force that oppose thrust WINGS.
Weight- force that pulls the plane downwards
Lift – force that offsets weight. Caused by air moving over
and at the bottom of the plane’s wing.
BERNOULLI ‘S PRINCIPLE
FLOW RATE
- the flow rate of a fluid is the volume of water
that passes a section in a unit of time
- scientist calculated the flow rate by multiplying
the depth of the fluid by its width and the speed of its
flow