REUSE

What does the environment include?

REDUC
E

RECYCL
E

Do you know “Greenhouse”?

Have you ever heard about climate change?

Do you know the notion of “3R”?
UNIT 15|
ENVIRONMENT

VOCABULARY

What to PONDER?|

SKILLS & TIPS

GRAMMAR

PRACTICE CONVERSATION
VOCABULARY|
 Enviromental issue

/ˈəʊzəʊn leɪə(r) /ˌɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/

Ozone layer
Oz_ne l_yer Glob_l wa_ming
Global warming Deforestation
D_for_station
 Enviromental issue

/'ɔɪl spɪl/ /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ /ˈɜːθkweɪk/

sp_ll
Oil spill Tsunami
Ts_n_mi Ea_thqu_ke
Earthquake
 Enviromental issue

/vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ /flʌd/

Volcano
V_lc_no Des_rtif_cation
Desertification Fl_od
Flood
Collocations and Phrases for Environment

to protect animals and plants Wildlife

and their habitats
conservatio
n

Pollution levels the amount of toxic waste

widespread damage or loss of life

Man-made disaster
brought about by action of humans
Collocations and Phrases for Environment

widespread damage or loss of Loss of

life brought about by action of
humans habitats

the gradual warming of the air

Greenhouse effect surrounding the Earth as a result
of heating trapped by pollution.
 Phrase verb Meaning
Wipe out Destroy something completely
Run out of Finish the supply of something
Cut down Chop trees down
Throw away ​Get rid of something that you no longer want or need
Die out ​Stop existing
Use up Exhaust of strength or useful properties
Cut down (on) Reduce
Put down to Suggest that something is the result of something
Call for Require
Vocabulary practice 1. Put the sentences into the correct order.

1. The/ outdoors/ pollution/ child/ exercise/ not/ should/levels/ when/ high/ air/ high/ are.
The child should not exercise outdoors when air pollution levels are high.
→__________________________________________________________________________________

2. He/ wildlife/ was/ in/ active/ conservation/, / bird/ hunting/ and/ watching.
He was active in wildlife conservation, hunting and bird watching.
→__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Due/ logging/ to/, / loss/ present/ of/ increasingly/ habitats/ is/ common/ at.
Due to logging, loss of habitats is increasingly common at present.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
4. The/ forests/ deforestation/ is/ of/ effect/ contributing/ greenhouse/ to.
The deforestation of forests is contributing to greenhouse effect.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
Vocabulary practice 2. Matching.

1.
Deforestati A. An extremely large wave in the sea caused, for
on example, by an earthquake.

2.
B. A large amount of water covering an area that is
Deforestati
usually dry.
on

3. Tsunami C. The cutting down of trees in a large area.

D. The cutting down of trees in a large area.

4. Flood
|GRAMMAR
Listen and read the dialogue. Then find the if - sentence and answer the question below
(Track 1)

Vaugh: So, is anybody doing anything about all this?

Shelly: Thankfully, yes. The RSPB is campaigning to stop this loss of biodiversity by putting

pressure on the government to invest money to rescue and protect threatened habitats.

Vaugh: But I thought you said that farmers were to blame?

Shelly: Well, the RSPB has called on the government to reform the Common Agricultural Policy so

that agricultural subsidies only go to environmentally friendly farmers.

Vaugh: I guess that would encourage them to change the way they do things.

Shelly: That’s right. And there’s a further initiative which encourages farmers to be part of the

solution, not part of the problem.

Listen and read the dialogue. Then find the if - sentence and answer the question below
(Track 1)

Vaugh: What’s that then?

Shelly: They’re being asked to turn off their seed drills occasionally for a count of two seconds, when
sowing winter cereals. This will leave small areas of land, about four meters square, that can be used by
skylarks for nesting and feeding.
Vaugh: And will farmers do this?
Shelly: Well, farmers are being offered financial incentives to create skylark plots. The RSPB is aiming for
two plots in every hectare of land.
Vaugh: And will this work?
Shelly: Hopefully. The RSPB reckons that if these empty patches are created on just one fifth of Britain’s
arable farmland, the decline of the skylark could be halted and then reversed.
Vaugh: Well, that’s very interesting. Let’s hope it works.
Shelly: Yes, let’s.
Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

loss______________
1. The RSPB aims to halt the of biodiversity by lobbying the
government.
2. Only those farmers who use environmentally friendly methods
agricultural subsidies
would receive ________________.
land
3. By turning off seed drills for just a few seconds, small
__________ areas would be created.
1/5
4. If these areas were made on only __________ of arable land, the
skylark could be saved.
 MATCHING

If you eat too many sweets if you plan more trees

We will suffer from more if we destroy the forest and

natural disasters pollute the environment.

The air pollution will be

you will get fat.
controlled
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Zero Conditional Sentence

Usage To talk about things that always happen in the same way every time.
Eg: If I eat too much, I get a stomach
ache.
To give facts – this can be about science or rules in sport.
Eg: If you heat water to 100◦C, it boils.

To talk about behavior of people we know when they react in the

same way every time.
Eg: If I get home late, my mother gets angry.
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Zero Conditional Sentence

Form If-Clause Main Clause

Present Simple, Present Simple

Tenses

If + S + V (simple S + V (simple present)

Form
present),
rains gets
If it ________ (rain), the ground _______ (get) wet.

Example mix get

If you ______ (mix) you ______ (get) green.
yellow and blue,
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

2. First Conditional Sentence

Usage To talk about future possibility when we feel confident about our predictions.

Eg: If they don’t leave right now, they will miss the train.

To talk about the things that are possible in the future. This might be a warning.
Eg: If you don’t get up now, you’ll miss the bus.

To make realistic predictions about our lives in the future.

Eg: If I fail my exams, I won’t get into university.
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

2. First Conditional Sentence

Form
If-Clause Main Clause

Tenses Present Simple, Future Simple or Modal Verbs or

Imperative Mood

Form If + S + V (simple present), S + will/won’t + V (simple future)

S + Will/Can/Shall + V

Example If I _____
win(win) our tennis match, Dan ______ (be) annoyed.
will be

If you _____ (have) a headache,

have you ______ (take) an aspirin.
should
take
 Relative clauses

We can use ‘Unless’ to mean ‘If…not’

I will call the police or you will not leave immediately.

Unless you leave immediately, I will call the police.

If you aren't tired, let's go out.

Let's go out unless you are tired.
Grammar practice 1. Choose the beginnings of the sentences to complete the text.
If a lion joins a group of other lions If lions go hunting

If lions are active If male lions use cent marking If a lion roars

If a lion roars
1. _________________________________________, it can be heard over five miles away.
If a lion joins a group of other lions
2. ______________________________________, it usually stays with them for three years.
If lions go hunting
3. __________________________________________________, they work in teams.

If lions are active If male lions use cent marking

4. ________________________________________________, they establish their territory.
If lions are active If male lions use cent marking
5. __________________________________________________, it is usually at night.
Grammar practice 2. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense.

expose (expose) phosphorus to air, it __________

1. If you __________ burns (burn).
heat
2. If you __________ turns
(heat) ice, it __________ (turn) to water.
gets
3. If metal __________ expands (expand).
(get) hot, it __________
stand
4. If you __________ get
(stand) in the rain, you __________ (get) wet.
rings
5. If anyone _________ open
(ring) the bell, don’t __________ (open) the door.
CONVERSATIO
N|
 Underline the phrases that indicates apology and its responses.

Tom: Hey, what are you reading?

Todd: Well, I’m reading something about the effects of climate change on human
life, so awful.
Tom: Can you clarify a little bit? Are they the global warming, reduced ozone layer,
the rising sea level, etc?
Todd: Exactly. But wait, today we have an appointment with the dentist, right?
Tom: That’s why I’m here. Be quick.
Todd: Oh sorry. I forgot it. Wait me a second.
Tom: OK. Don’t worry about that, we have 30 minutes left.
Todd: Yes, ….
 Apologize and Respond Sentences

Apologize Respond

 I’m terribly sorry about that.  Don’t worry about that.

 It will not happen again. I promise.  It doesn’t matter
 I apologize to you for…  It doesn’t matter.
 It’s totally my fault.  Don’t worry about that.
 I didn’t mean that. Please accept my  Forget it/ No problem/ Never mind/
apology. That’s all right/ OK.
 It will not happen again. I promise.  You really don’t have to apologize.
 I shouldn’t have done that.  OK. It’s not your fault.
 Please let me know if how I could do to
compensate for it.
 Situations How to apologize? How to response?
I’m sorry for not throwing the Don’t worry about that. Let’s
trash in the right place, which clean it now.
results in this stuff.
OK Mom, well recently, we saw a Well, I’m nice when you are aware
lot of natural disasters’ bad of this. Let’s from this small
impacts on human life. Are there choice, son. Instead of throwing
LET’S Your son threw the trash not in any solutions? trash anywhere or wasting
PRACTICE the right place. electricity, wood or paper, let’s
save them.

Why is that, Mom? Simply, to save the nature, and

the nature saves us.
Yes, I understand. Let’s me start That’s all right.
right now.
Work in pair: Ask & answer about a fault you made with the apologize as following.

Anna: Jade! I have something to tell you.

Jade: Um? What is it?
Anna: I __________. I’m awfully sorry about that. It’s totally my fault.
Jade: No problem/ Never mind/ That’s all right. Next time, be more careful.
Anna: Thank you, Jade. It will not happen again. I promise.
Jade: Ok.
 |LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
 Listen and choose the words you heard answer (Track 2)

makes me really angry. I think pollution is greed. People (2)

I hate pollution. It (1) ____________
don’t care about the environment so they (3) pollute
____________ the air justto make lots of money. Big
____________
companies are the worst. They (4) pretend
_______________
they’re not polluting. They have the money to

say they are “green”. Pollution affects us all. We are all less healthy because of companies (5)
____________
that pollute the air or our rivers. Everybody needs to think about how we can (6) reduce
____________
the amount

of pollution we create. Not using the (7) car

____________
when we can walk is one way. Turning off lights

we don’t need is another. Barack Obama says he’s going (8) ____________
to do his best to help the Earth. I

really hope he does because if pollution gets any worse, we’ll be in seriously big trouble.
Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

A. The loss of forest is destroying the earth's plant and animal variety.
Scientists say about 5,000 species of plants and animals are eliminated each
year. This is especially worrying as many of those plants and animals could be
used as medicines against cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other
sicknesses. We may never know the true cost of this destruction.
Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

B. Man and most animals need a constant supply of water to live. Farmers
need water for their crops. Hydroelectric dams hold back needed water and
provide power for homes and industries. Trees, grasses, and other plant life
play an important part in the natural circulation of water, and thus help
conserve it. Without plants, most water would run off as soon as it falls, taking
away valuable soil. Rapid run-off would cause frequent floods and leave little
water during dry seasons.
Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

C. These days it is impossible to open a newspaper without reading about the

damage we are doing to the environment. The earth is being threatened and
the future looks bad. What can each of us do? We cannot clean up our
polluted rivers and seas overnight. Nor can we stop the disappearance of
plants and animals. But we can stop worsening the problem while scientists
search for answers, and laws are passed in nature's dependence.
Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T F
1. Each year about fifty hundred species of plants and animals are eliminated.

2. Many kinds of plants could be used to treat various dangerous diseases.

3. Water can be held on land by vegetation.

4. Man is constantly doing harm to the environment.

5. Plants may cause floods and erosion.

6. We can do nothing to save the earth.

Read the definitions. Choose the environmental term for each definition. Use the words
in the box.
life biodiversity carbon climate
expectancy emission

1. Variety in the number of species of plants and animals.

biodiversity
→_________________
2. The sending out of poisonous gas when engines burn gasoline.
carbon emission
→_________________
3. The length of time that a person or an animal lives.
life expectancy
→_________________
4. The typical weather conditions in an area.
climate
→_________________
Write a letter to tell your friend about the weather in your country in about 100 to 120
words using these suggestions.
SAMPLE
Dear ….., What’s the weather like at the
I hope this letter finds you in greatmoment?
health and high spirits. I am going to share with you the weather
in my country.
In my country, it is in spring with high humidity. My country is a tropical monsoon climate. Broadly
What outdoor activities are you able
speaking, the weather in Vietnam is featured by two monsoon seasons the southwest monsoon from
to do at this time of year?
April to September and the northeast monsoon from October to late March or early April. Moreover,
the northeast monsoon effects bring lower temperatures to my city, Hanoi and all days in Hanoi is in
rain. In fact, I am fed up with rainy dayHow doI can’t
because yougofeel?
out to shopping with my friend. Only thing I
can do in these days is writing letter for you and tell you about the terrible weather here. All my
clothes can’t be dry and the way I go to school every day is daubed with mud.
What will you do together?
Best wishes,
….
Choose the correct phrase verb from the box and complete the sentence.
Wipe out Cut down Throw
away
Run out of Use up Die out
wipe out
1. Whole villages were __________ by the floods.
run out of
2. What will we do when we ___________ gas?
cut down
3. The rainforest is being __________.
throw away your grass clippings; leave them on your lawn.
4. Don't ___________
die out
5. This species has nearly __________ because its habitat is being destroyed.
use up
6. We've already __________ earth's resources for 2016.
 Work in pairs to describe a fault that you did by using the sample in the Useful
Expression part. Then practice in front of the class.

Apologize Respond
 I’m terribly sorry about that.  Don’t worry about that.
 It will not happen again. I promise.  It doesn’t matter
 I apologize to you for…  It doesn’t matter.
 It’s totally my fault.  Don’t worry about that.
 I didn’t mean that. Please accept my  Forget it/ No problem/ Never mind/
apology. That’s all right/ OK.
 It will not happen again. I promise.  You really don’t have to apologize.
 I shouldn’t have done that.  OK. It’s not your fault.
 Please let me know if how I could do to
compensate for it.
SKILLS & TIPS WRITING APOPLOGY EMAIL

Dear Dylan,
The Elements of a Good Apology Letter
I apologize for not arriving on time to pick you up from the airport yesterday
afternoon. I have no excuse for keeping you waiting and wondering when your ride
Say
would show up.Admit Describe Ask for
Own the Have a
you’re you were what forgivene
mistake plan
sorry
It’s importantwrong happened
to me not to let people down when they’re depending on me. Next ss

time, I’ll make better use of calendar alerts so I’ll be sure to leave in plenty of time to
arrive as scheduled, or even ahead of schedule.
I humbly ask your forgiveness. I hope my mistake won’t prevent you from seeking my
help in the future. I’m always happy to be of service.
All the best,
Jillian
Is it necessary to protect our
environment?

Can you list some negative

impacts of environmental
problems?

Have you come up with some solutions

to deal with these environmental
problems?
PROJECT HOW TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENT

What have happened to

our environment recently?

What have you done

to protect it?

What is the root?

Have you come up with

What approaches have been
other solutions?
taken in order to eliminate the
bad impacts of these problems?
UNIT 15| ENVIRONMENT

|THANK YOU
|GIAO TIẾP
INTERMEDIATE