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Probability

The document outlines basic concepts of probability, including experiments, sample spaces, and events. It provides examples such as tossing a coin, rolling a die, and drawing cards from a deck to illustrate how to calculate probabilities. Additionally, it covers the probability of simple events and complements of events.

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osinsao.maryjoy
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10 views

Probability

The document outlines basic concepts of probability, including experiments, sample spaces, and events. It provides examples such as tossing a coin, rolling a die, and drawing cards from a deck to illustrate how to calculate probabilities. Additionally, it covers the probability of simple events and complements of events.

Uploaded by

osinsao.maryjoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF

PROBABILITY
EXAMPLES
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE (S) EVENTS (E)
TOSSING A COIN The event that a
head will occur.
head (H) tail (T) E = {H}
S = {H, T}

The event that


ROLLING A DIE even number
appears.
E = {2, 4, 6}
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
EXAMPLES
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE (S) EVENTS (E)
The event that an
ROLLING A DIE & even number will
TOSSING A COIN come out.
E = {2h, 4h, 6h, 2T,
4T, 6T}
The event that a tail
and odd number
S = {1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H,6H, will come out.
1T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T} E = {1T, 3T, 5T}
EXAMPLES
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE (S) EVENTS (E)
Identical number S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, The event that the
cards (1, 2, … 10) 7, 8, 9, 10} number drawn is
are placed in a prime.
box and a card is
drawn at random E = {2, 3, 5, 7}
PROBABILITY OF SIMPLE EVENTS
EXAMPLES
1. A coin is tossed, find the probability of getting a head.
Sample Space (S) = {H, T}
n(head) 1
n(S) = 2 P(head) = =
n(sample space) 2
Event = {H}

2. What is the probability of rolling a prime number on a number cube?


Sample Space (S) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Event = {2, 3, 5}
n(S) = 6 n(3) = 3
n(E)
P(head) =
n(S)
EXAMPLES
A standard deck of cards has four suites: hearts, clubs, spades &
diamonds. Each suite has thirteen cards: ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack,
queen and king. Thus the entire deck has 52 cards total.
EXAMPLES
3. A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52 playing
cards. Find the probability of drawing;
a. a diamond P(a diamond) =

b. a black card P(a black card) =

c. a queen P(a queen) =


EXAMPLES
3. A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52 playing
cards. Find the probability of drawing;
a. a diamond n(E) 13 1
P(a diamond) = = =
n(S) 52 4
n(E) 26 1
b. a black card P(a black card) = = =
n(S) 52 2

n(E) 4 1
c. a queen P(a queen) = = =
n(S) 52 13
EXAMPLES
4. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting:

__________ a. three heads?


__________ b. two heads?
__________ c. one head?
__________ d. at least two tails?
__________ e. at most two tails?

__________ f. no tail?
EXAMPLES
4. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting:
1
__________ a. three heads?
8 S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT,
3
__________ b. two heads?
8
TTT, THH,THT, TTH}
3
__________ c. one head?
8
n(S) = 8
4 1
__________ d. at least two tails?
8
=
2 greater than or equal

7
__________ e. at most two tails?
8 less than or equal

1
__________ f. no tail?
8
EXAMPLES
5. A bag contains 7 white balls and 11 orange balls.
a. If a ball is drawn at random from the bag, find the probability that
the ball is:
__________
0 i. green
7
__________
18 ii. white
11
__________
18 iii. not white

b. If 12 red balls are added to the bag and a ball is drawn from the bag.
Find the probability that ball is:
12 = 2
__________
30 5 i. red
18 = 3
__________
30 5 ii. not red
11
__________
30 iii. orange
EXAMPLES
6. Find the probability of the complement of each event.
a. Rolling a die and getting a 4.
1 1 5
P(4) = 1- =
6 6 6
b. Selecting a letter of the alphabet and getting a vowel.
5 5 21
P(vowel) = 1- =
26 26 26
c. Selecting a month and getting a month that begins with a J.
3 1
P(month that begins with a J) = =
12 4

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