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Garbage In, Garbage Out

The document discusses the various types of garbage, emphasizing the distinction between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. It covers methods of waste management such as composting, vermicomposting, and recycling, along with the harmful effects of plastic use. Additionally, it highlights the importance of reusing materials and minimizing plastic consumption to reduce environmental impact.

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APS Apoorv prakash singh
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18 views31 pages

Garbage In, Garbage Out

The document discusses the various types of garbage, emphasizing the distinction between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. It covers methods of waste management such as composting, vermicomposting, and recycling, along with the harmful effects of plastic use. Additionally, it highlights the importance of reusing materials and minimizing plastic consumption to reduce environmental impact.

Uploaded by

APS Apoorv prakash singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Garbage in, Garbage out

Topics to Study
 Types of garbage

 Vermicomposting

 Recycling

 Plastics
What is Garbage?
 Waste materials especially household wastes are
called garbage.
 Homes, shops, offices, schools etc. produce
garbage everyday.
 We generate a very huge amount of garbage in
our day-to-day activities.
 Sometimes we throw waste materials in the
public places like used tickets, groundnut shells,
wrapping materials, used water/drink bottles etc.
Types of Garbage
 The garbage collected in dustbins in our homes,
shops, offices and schools is taken away by sanitary
staff in our area, and put into big garbage dumps
constructed by the municipality at various locations.
 Let us look at an activity which explains the two
types of garbage:

1. Garbage which decomposes (biodegradable)

2. Garbage which does not decompose (non-


biodegradable)
Types of Garbage:
Activity
 Collect 1 kg of garbage from garbage dump and
separate it into two groups:

Group 1: garbage from kitchen, e.g. fruit and


vegetable peels, egg shells, waste food, tea
leaves, dry leaves etc.

Group 2: piece of cloth, polythene bags, broken


glasses, aluminium wrappers, nails, old shoes,
broken toys etc.

Now, put both these groups in separate plastic


Types of Garbage:
Activity
 Remove the soil after 4, 6, 14, 28 days
respectively and observe the changes in the
garbage:
i. Rot completely and no smell
ii. Rot only partially
iii. Rot completely but smells bad
iv. No change at all  non-biodegradable

From this, we conclude that some garbage


Biodegradable and non-
biodegradable wastes
 The parts of garbage that can be decomposed
are called biodegradable.
 Parts of garbage which does not get
decomposed at all is referred to as non-
biodegradable.

Non-biodegradable wastes are sent to waste


industries for getting recycled.
Dealing with Garbage
 Depending upon the nature of garbage, it is
treated and disposed off in different ways:

1. Landfill

2. Composting
Dealing with Garbage:
Landfill
 Some of the non-biodegradable garbage is taken to
the low lying areas called landfill.
 There are the parts of the garbage that can be
reused and are separated out of the one that
cannot be used as such.
 The non-useful garbage is spread out in the landfill
areas and is covered with the soil.
 Once the landfill is completely full, it is converted
into playground or park and no building is
constructed on it for the next 20 years.
Landfill
Dealing with Garbage:
Composting
 Certain biodegradable things in the garbage rot
or degrade and form manure which is used for
growing plants.
 The rotting and conversion of these materials
into manure is called composting.
Burning of leaves
produces harmful gases
 Most of the time dried leaves are burnt on the
roadside.
 Farmers often burn the husk, dried leaves and part of
crop plants in their fields after harvesting.
 Burning of these, produces smoke and gases that are
harmful to our health.
 We should try to stop such practices. These wastes
could be converted into useful compost.
 The government should make a law against the
burning of leaves and plant wastes anywhere in India.
Vermicomposting
 Method of making compost from kitchen
wastes by using redworms is called
vermicomposting.
 Vermicompost is a very high quality manure.

 We can prepare vermicompost by digging a pit


in a ground or by using a metal or wooden box.
 It is natural process that recycles the nutrients
in the waste to produce the manure or
compost.
Vermicomposting
 It ensures that waste is not
carelessly thrown and left to
decay.
 Apart from being clean,
cheap and safe, composting
also reduces amount of
disposable garbage and turns
it into a manure rich in
nutrients, which is good for
the growth of potted
domestic plants.
Preparing a
Vermicompost
 Dig a pit about 30cm deep at
a place which does not get
direct sunlight.
 Spread a net kitchen mesh or
2cm thick layer of sand at the
floor of the pit.
 Now, spread vegetable, plant
waste, cow dung or
newspaper over the sand
layer.
Preparing a
Vermicompost
 After spreading all the wastes,
sprinkle some water.
 Put some redworms into the pit
and cover it a layer of grass.
 After a month, the content of the
pit will turn into soil like loose
material.
 This shows that redworms help
in composting of the waste
materials.
Using vermicompost in
our pots
 W can use vermicompost in our pots, gardens
or fields. Those of us who have agricultural
fields can try vermicomposting in large pits.
 We can save a lot of money that is spent on
buying expensive chemical fertilizers and
manure from the market.
Redworms
 Redworms do not have teeth.

 They have a structure called


gizzard, which helps them in
grinding food.
 Powdered egg shells or sea
shells could be mixed with the
wastes.
 This would help redworms in
grinding their food.
Redworms
 A redworm can eat food equal to its own
weight in a day.
 Redworms do not survive in very hot or very
cold surroundings.
 They also need moisture around them.

 If you take good care of worms, in a month’s


time their number will double.
Think and Throw
 Every house produces a large amount of
garbage.
 If possible we should use some things again,
e.g. the plastic jars in which we buy various
food items such as jams, pickles, oils and ghee
etc. can be used again for storing things like
salt, spices, sugar, tea leaves and pulses.
Think and Throw
 Paper envelopes can be reversed inside out and
reversed. We can reuse old charts to make files and
greeting cards.
 A diary can be made from invitation cards.

 Mats can be made from old clothes and wools.

 We should carry cloth bags instead of polythene


bags.
 So, we should think to reuse some of the waste
items before throwing them as waste.
Recycling
 Recycling means that we should collect and
separate the used and discarded items made up
of paper, plastics, glass and metals and send
them to the respective industries for making
fresh paper, plastic, glass and metal objects.
Ways of Recycling Paper
1. Collect waste paper, tear it in small pieces. Soak
these paper pieces in the water taken in a tub.

2. Make a thick paste of paper by pounding it.

3. Take a wire mesh fixed to a frame. Keep this wire


mesh on a table. Spread this thick paste of paper
on wire mesh and pat it gently to obtain a
uniformly thick layer of paper paste.

4. Wait till all the water from paper paste drains off.
Ways of Recycling Paper
5. Remove the layer of paper paste from the wire mesh
carefully and spread it on a sheet of newspaper. Keep
this in the sunshine.

6. Keep the corners of the newspaper pressed by putting


some weight so that they do not curl up.

7. Heat of the sunshine will remove all the water left in the
layer of paper paste and make it completely dry. This
dried and thin layer of paper paste is the recycled paper.

8. We can add food colour to the paste of paper before


spreading it on wire mesh to get coloured paper.
Plastics: Boon or a
Curse
 These days we use a large number of things
made up of plastics in our daily life.
 Plastic bags, water bottles, buckets, mugs, water
tanks, water pipes, pens, combs, toothbrushes,
shoes, tea strainers, cups, chairs etc. are all
made of plastics.
 In fact, the list of things made up of plastics
which are used by us is so long that it is very
difficult to imagine our life without plastics.

Plastics: Boon or a
Curse
 Excessive use of plastic harms us in many ways:

1. Plastics do not decompose on their own. When


we dispose off plastic items as such, they might
choke drainage systems and cause flood like
situation in city areas.

2. People often fill garbage in plastic bags and


then throw it away. When stray animals look for
food in these bags, they end up swallowing
these. This may even lead to their death.
Plastics: Boon or a
Curse
3. Packaging of eatables in plastic bags is
dangerous. It has been reported that these
plastics get dissolved in the food and spoil it.
If people eat it, it might cause health
hazards.

4. All kinds of plastics give out harmful gases


upon heating or burning. These gases may
cause many health problems, including
cancer in humans.
Ways to minimize use
of plastic
1. We should make minimum use of plastic bags. We should
reuse the bags whenever it is possible to do so without any
adverse effects.

2. We should insist shopkeepers to use paper bags. We


should carry a cloth or a jute bag when we go out for
shopping.

3. We should not use plastic bags to store eatables.

4. We should not throw plastic bags here and there after use.

5. We should never burn plastic bags and other plastic items.


Ways to minimize use
of plastic
6. We should not put garbage in plastic bags and
throw it away.

7. We should use vermicomposting at home and deal


with our kitchen waste usefully.
8. We should recycle paper.
9. We should use both sides of paper to write.

10.We should make our family, friends to follow proper


practices for disposing different kinds of wastes.
Apoorv Prakash Singh
9650403707
F-14&15, Sky
Gardens,
Sector 16-B, Greater
Noida West
[email protected]

APS ACADEMY
APS ACADEMY

APOORV PRAKASH SINGH

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