STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

OBJECTIVES:

1.illustrate a normal random variable and its

properties;
2. construct a normal curve; and
3. identify regions under the normal curve
corresponding to different standard normal
variables.
The most important of all
continuous probability
distributions is the normal
distribution. Its graph called
the normal curve, is a bell-
shaped curve. It lies entirely
above the horizontal axis. It is
symmetrical, uni-modal, and
asymptotic to the horizontal
axis. The area between the
curve and horizontal axis is
exactly equal to 1. Half of the
area is above the mean and
the remaining half is below
 Normal Distribution
Probability
Probability is
area under
curve!

f(x)

x
c d
 Standard Normal Distribution
The standard normal distribution is a normal
distribution with µ = 0 and  = 1. A random variable
with a standard normal distribution, denoted by the
symbol z, is called a standard normal random variable.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc

 The Normal Distribution

The normal distribution, also known as

the Gaussian Distribution, has the following
formula.

where: mean; standard deviation;

Examples of Normal
Distribution
A normal distribution is determined by two parameters:
the mean and the standard deviation If the mean is 0
and the standard deviation is 1, then the normal
distribution is a standard normal distribution. The areas
under this curve can be found using the Areas Under the
Standard Normal Curve table.

However, the mean is not always equal to 0 and the standard

deviation is not always equal to 1.
 Areas Under the Normal Curve

Example1. Find the area between and

Step 1. Sketch the normal curve. Since 1.54 is positive. It is
somewhere located to the right of 0.
Step 2. Locate the area for from the Areas under the
Standard Normal Curve table. Proceed down the column
marked until you reach 1.5. Then proceed to the right
along this row until you reach the column marked 4. The
intersection of the row that contains 1.5 and the column
marked 4 is the area. The area is 0.4382.
Example 2. Find the area between and
Step 1. Sketch the normal curve

Step 2. Let area between and

area between and

From the table

Hence, the area between and is 0.0581.

Example 3. Find the area to the right of
Step 1. Sketch the normal curve
Example 3. Find the area to the right of
Step 1. Sketch the normal curve
 PERFORMANCE TASK #2

Sketch the curve. (5 points each)

1.The area between and is

-0.4483
2.The area between and is 0.4625
3.The area between and is 0.00543
 PERFORMANCE TASK#3

1.On a final examination in Biology, the

mean was 75 and the standard
deviation was 12. Determine the
standard score of a student who
received a score of 60 assuming that
the scores are normally distributed.
 PERFORMANCE TASK#2

2.On the first periodic exam in

Statistics, the population mean was 70
and the population standard deviation
was 9. Determine the standard score of
a student who got a score of 88
assuming that the scores are normally
distributed.
 PERFORMANCE TASK#2

3. Luz scored 90 in an English test and 70 in a

Physics test. Scores in the English test have a
mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 10.
Scores in the Physics test have a mean of 60 and
a standard deviation of 8. In which subject was
her standing better assuming that the scores in
her English and Physics class are normally
distributed?
 PERFORMANCE TASK#2

4. In Science test, the mean score is 42

and the standard deviation is 5.
Assuming the scores are normally
distributed, what percentage of the
score is
a. Greater than 48?
b. Less than 50?
WEEK 4 : STANDARD
SCORE
 OBJECTIVES:

1. convert a normal random variable to a

standard normal variable and vice versa; and
2. compute probabilities and percentiles
using the standard normal table.
The standard score or -score measures how many
standard deviation a given value is above or below the
mean. The -scores are useful in comparing observed
values. A positive -score indicates that the score or
observed value is above the mean, whereas a negative -
score indicates that the score or observed value is below
the mean.
The -scores is found by using the following
equations:
Example 1. On a final examination in Biology, the mean was
75 and the standard deviation was 12. Determine the
standard score of a student who received a score of 60
assuming that the scores are normally distributed.

This means that 60 is 1.25 standard deviation below the mean.

Example 2. On the first periodic exam in Statistics, the population
mean was 70 and the population standard deviation was 9.
Determine the standard score of a student who got a score of 88
assuming that the scores are normally distributed.

This means that 88 is 2 standard deviation above the mean.

Example 3. Luz scored 90 in an English test and 70 in a Physics test.
Scores in the English test have a mean of 80 and a standard deviation
of 10. Scores in the Physics test have a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 8. In which subject was her standing better assuming that
the scores in her English and Physics class are normally distributed?

Her standing in Physics

was better than her
standing in English. Her
score in English was one
standard deviation
above the mean of the
scores in English
whereas in Physics, her
score was 1.25 standard
deviation above the
mean of the scores in
Physics.
Example 4. In Science test, the mean score is 42 and the standard
deviation is 5. Assuming the scores are normally distributed, what
percentage of the score is
a. Greater than 48?
Let area to the right of
b. Less than 50? and
area of the half of the curve
Solution
Convert the score 48 to -score. From the table:

Hence, 11.51% of the scores is greater

than 48.

Sketch the normal curve:

 PERFORMANCE TASK #2
Solve the following scores. Show
your solutions. (5 POINTS EACH)

In a given normal distribution, the sample

mean is 75 and the sample standard
deviation is 4. Find the corresponding
standard score of the following values:
1.) 69 2.) 85 3.) 70
 Assessment:
Solve the following scores. Show your
solutions. (5 POINTS EACH)

In a given normal distribution, the population

mean is 80 and the population standard
deviation is 2.5. Find the corresponding
standard score of the following values:
1. ) 78 2.) 84 3. ) 76
THANK YOU &
GOD BLESS
EVERYONE!