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AGENDA
 Introduction To AOP
 AOP Concepts
○ Aspect

○ Joinpoint

○ Advice

○ Pointcuts

○ Target Object

○ Weaving

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What Is AOP

 Aspect-oriented programming, or AOP, is a

programming technique that allows programmers to
modularize crosscutting concerns

 It is often defined as a programming technique that

promotes separation of crosscutting concerns with in a
software system.

concerns :
 A concern is a particular issue, concept, or area of
interest for an application: typically, a goal the
application must meet.

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Cross-cutting concerns
 The systems or concerns that tend to cut across
multiple components in a system are referred as
Cross-cutting concerns
 System wide concerns that span multiple modules.
 Cuts across the typical division of responsibility.
 Examples such as
 Transaction Management

 Security

 Logging

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Cross Cutting Concerns in OOP Approach
OOP creates a coupling between core and
crosscutting concerns. This causes
○ Leads to duplicated code.
○ Hard to maintain code.
○ Hard to use code.

Cross cutting
concerns
Withdraw method Deposit method
•Transaction Management •Transaction Management
• Logging • Logging
•Checking for the Privileged •Checking for the Privileged User
User
•Actual Deposit Logic
•Actual Withdraw Logic comes here
comes here
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Public class Account

{
public void deposit() {
// Transaction Management
// Logging
// Checking for the Privileged User
// Actual Deposit Logic comes here
}
public void withdraw() {
// Transaction Management
// Logging
// Checking for the Privileged User
// Actual Withdraw Logic comes here
}
}
AOP calls this kind of logic that cross-cuts the existing business
logic as Cross-Cutting Concerns .

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Could we not write these cross cutting
concerns as functions and call?

 Results in code permeating though the system at

various places – hard to maintain

 Harder to express concerns this way

 You have to modify your code to invoke these

concerns

requires understanding at each level

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If we use AOP
 Spring AOP will take care of calling concerns, we just
need to declare about concerns once in configuration
file.
 You can focus on the concerns at one place

 Easier to add and remove concerns

 Easier to modify or fine tune concerns

 Easier to understand

 Efficient to implement

 More efficient

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AOP Terminology
Joinpoint
A point during the execution of a program, such as the execution
of a method or the handling of an exception.
We can insert additional logic at Joinpoint's.
In Spring AOP, a join point always represents a method execution.

Advice
Action taken at a particular joinpoint is called Advice.

PointCut
A declarative condition that identifies for which joinpoint, the
advices should fire.

Aspect:
An aspect is a modularization of a crosscutting concern; the
gathering together of code that might otherwise have been
scattered. It is termed as the combination of the point-cut and the
advice.
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 AOP vs OOP

Object Oriented Aspect Oriented

Class – code unit that Aspect – code unit that
encapsulates methods and encapsulates pointcuts, advice,
attributes. and attributes.
Method signatures – define Pointcut – define the set of
the entry points for the entry points (triggers) in which
execution of method bodies. advice is executed.
Method bodies – Advice – implementations of
implementations of the the cross cutting concerns.
primary concerns.
Compiler – converts source Weaver – instruments code
code into object code. (source or object) with advice.

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AOP History

 Spring implements the AOP Alliance interception

interfaces .
 Emerged about 10 years ago from different research
efforts studying the separation of concerns in
software
 Supported in industry today by IBM, BEA,
 AOP support is available for Java, C++, C, PHP,
 AspectJ, AspectC++, AspectC, AOPHP,

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Advice

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Advice

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 Advice
Before Advice :
 It is used to intercept before the method execution starts.

public class Authentication extends BeforeAdvice

{
public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object
target) throws Throwable
{
if (args[0] instanceof User)
{
User user = (User)args[0];
// Authenticate if he/she is the right user
}
}
}
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 Advice
From the above code
 before() method will be called before the execution of
method call.
 method object represents target method to be invoked.
 Object[] args refers to the various arguments that are
passed on to the method.

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 Advice
After Advice
 It will be useful if some logic has to be executed before
Returning the Control within a method execution.

public class CleanUpOperation implements AfterReturningAdvice

{
public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method,
Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable
{
// Clean up session and user information.
}
}

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 Advice
From the above code
 afterReturning() will be called once the method returns
normal execution.
 If some exception happens in the method execution the
afterReturning() method will never be called.

Throws Advice :
 some kind of exception happens during the execution of a
method, then to handle the exception properly.

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 Advice

public class DeleteFile implements ThrowsAdvice

{
public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object
target, IOException exception)
{
String targetFileName = (String)args[2];
// Code to delete the target file.
}
}

From the above code

 afterThrowing() method will be called when an Exception, that
too of type IOException is thrown

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 Advice
Around Advice :
 Advice that surrounds a joinpoint such as a method
invocation.
 They are responsible for choosing whether to proceed to the
joinpoint executing by returning their own return value or
throwing an exception.
 Intercepts the calls to the target method.
 this Advice provides finer control whether the target method
has to be called or not.

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 Advice
public class ValidateArguments implements MethodInterceptor
{
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws
Throwable
{
Object arguments [] = invocation.getArguments();
if ((arguments[0] instanceof Parent) && (arguments[1]
instanceof Child) )
{
Object returnValue = invocation.proceed();
return returnValue;
}
throw new Exception ("Arguments are of wrong type");
}
}
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 Advice

From the above code

 It is important to make a call to MethodInvocation.proceed(), if
we are happy with the arguments validation, else the target
method will never gets invoked.

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 Pointcuts

 Point Cuts define where exactly the Advices have to be

applied in various Join Points i.e Set of Joinpoints
specifying when an advice should fire.
 Generally they act as Filters for the application of various
Advices into the real implementation.
 Each built-in Pointcuts has an advisor

PointcutAdvisor=Pointcut + Advice

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 Pointcuts
public interface Pointcut
{
ClassFilter getClassFilter();
MethodMatcher getMethodMatcher();
}
public interface ClassFilter
{
boolean matches(Class clazz);
}
public interface MethodMatcher
{
boolean matches(Method m,Class targetClass);
boolean isRuntime();
boolean matches(Method m,Class targetClass,Object[] args);
}
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 Pointcuts
Spring defines two types of Point Cuts namely the

Static and Dynamic Point Cuts.

Static Pointcuts
 NameMatchMethod Pointcut
 Regular Expression Pointcut

NameMatchMethod Pointcut :
 Here the name of the methods that are to be given
advices can be directly mentioned in the
Configuration File.
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 Pointcuts
MyInterface.java
public interface MyInterface
{ public void setMessage(String msg);
public void method1();
public void method2();
public void getMethod1();
public void getMethod2();
}

MyClass.java
public class MyClass implements MyInterface
{
private String message;
public void setMessage(String msg)
{
this.message=msg;
}
public void method1(){}
public void method2(){}
public void getMethod1() {}
public void getMethod2(){}
}
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Pointcuts
ApplicationContext.xml
<beans>
<bean id=“getMethodsAdvisor" class="org.springframework. aop.
support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="mappedName">
<value>get*</value>
</property>
(OR)
<property name=“mappedNames”>
<list> <value>get*</value>
<value>set*</value>
<value>method1</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="advice">
<ref bean=“sampleAdvice "/>
</property>
</bean>

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Pointcuts
<bean id=“myTargetClass" class=“MyClass“/>
<bean id=“sampleAdvice" class=“MySampleAdvice“/>

<bean id=“proxy“
class=“org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean“>

<property name="proxyInterfaces“>
<value>MyInterface</value>
</property>

<property name="target">
<ref bean=“myTargetClass "/>
</property>

<property name="interceptorNames">
<value>getMethodsAdvisor </value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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 Pointcuts

 get* tells that all method names starting with the

method name get will be given Advices.

 If we want all the methods in the MyClass to be

adviced, then the 'value' tag should be given '*'
meaning all the methods in the Class.

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 Pointcuts

Regular Expression Pointcut

 It is used if you want to match the name of the
methods in the Class based on Regular Expression.

 Spring distribution already comes with two

supported flavors of Regular Expression namely Perl
Regular Expression and Jdk Regular Expression .

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 Pointcuts
MyInterface.java
public interface MyInterface
{
public void method1();
public void method11();
public void method2();
public void getMethod1();
public void getMethod2();
}
MyClass.java
public class MyClass implements MyInterface
{
public void method1(){}
public void method11(){}
public void method2(){}
public void getMethod1(){}
public void getMethod2(){}
}

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Pointcuts
ApplicationContext.xml

<bean id="regExpAdvisor“ class="org.springframework.aop.

support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor ">
<property name=“advice">
<ref bean="sampleAdvice"/>
</property>

<property name=“patterns”>
<list>
<value>m.*1</value>
<value>.*method.*</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

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Pointcuts
<bean id=“myTargetClass" class=“MyClass“/>
<bean id=“sampleAdvice" class=“MySampleAdvice“/>

<bean id="person" class=“org.springframework.aop.

framework.ProxyFactoryBean“>
<property name=“proxyInterfaces” >
<value>MyInterface</value>
</property>
<property name=“target”>
<ref bean=“myTargetClass”/>
</property>

<property name=“interceptorNames”>
<value> regExpAdvisor </value>
</property>

</bean>

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 Pointcuts

Symbol Description

. Matches Any Single Character

+ Mathches the Preceding Character one or more times

* Mathches the Preceding Character Zero or more times

/ Escapes any Regular Expression Symbols

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 Pointcuts

Dynamic Pointcuts :
 However, there may be some cases where your pointcuts
will need to evaluate runtime attributes.
 Spring provides one built-in dynamic pointcut:
ControlFlowPointcut.
 This pointcut matches based on information about the
current thread’s call stack.
 That is, it can be configured to return true only if a
particular method or class is found in the current thread’s

stack of execution.
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 Pointcuts
Dynamic Pointcut Configuration

<bean id="dynamicPointcut“ class="org.springframework. aop.

support.ControlFlowPointcut">
<constructor-arg>
<value>javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="dynamicAdvisor" class="org.springframework.
aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="advice">
<ref bean=" sampleAdvice "/>
</property>
<property name="pointcut">
<ref bean="dynamicPointcut"/>
</property>
</bean>
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Pointcuts
<bean id=“myTargetClass" class=“MyClass“/>
<bean id=“sampleAdvice" class=“MySampleAdvice“/>

<bean id="person" class=“org.springframework.aop.

framework.ProxyFactoryBean“>
<property name=“proxyInterfaces” >
<value>MyInterface</value>
</property>
<property name=“target”>
<ref bean=“myTargetClass”/>
</property>

<property name=“interceptorNames”>
<value>dynamicAdvisor</value>
</property>

</bean>

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 Target
 Object containing the joinpoint .
 Also referred to as the advised or proxied object .

Example
<bean id=“myTargetClass” class=“sample.MyClass”>
<property name=“message”>
<value>Welcome to Adlux</value>
</property>
</bean>

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 Weaving
 It is the process of applying aspects to a target
object to create a new proxied object.
 The aspects are woven into the target object at the
specified joinpoints.
 different points where weaving can be applied
· Compile Time

· Class load Time

· Runtime

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 AOP Proxy
 A proxy is the object created after applying advice to the target
object.
 The target object (pre-AOP) & the proxy object

(post-AOP) are the same.

 The object created by the AOP framework that includes the advise.
 The three properties you will probably use most often are

1. target
2. proxyInterfaces
3. interceptorNames

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AOP Proxy
Sample ProxyFactoryBean Configuration

<bean id=“sampleProxy" class=“org.springframework.aop.

framework.ProxyFactoryBean“>
<property name="proxyInterfaces“>
<value>SampleInterface</value>
</property>
<property name="target">
<ref bean="sampleTarget"/>
</property>

<property name="interceptorNames">
<value>sampleAdvice</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id=“sampleTarget" class=“MySampleTarget“/>
<bean id=“sampleAdvice" class=“MySampleAdvice“/>

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 AOP Proxy
 Spring will create a proxy using a JDK dynamic proxy or a
CGLIB proxy.
 First providing the ProxyFactory with all the aspects that
you want to be woven into the proxy.
 You typically use ProxyFactoryBean class to provide
declarative proxy creation.
 Different types of AutoProxying

· DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator

· BeanNameAutoProxyCreator

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 AOP Proxy
1. BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
<bean id=“beanNameAutoProxy” class="org.springframework.aop.
framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<list><value>*Service</value></list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<value>performanceThresholdInterceptor</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id=“performanceThresholdInterceptor”
class=“student.performanceThresholdInterceptor”/>

<bean id=“studentService” class=“student.StudentService”/>

<bean id=“courseService” class=“student.CourseService”/>
<bean id=“sampleService” class=“sample.SampleService”/>

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 AOP Proxy
2. DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
<bean id="advisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.
RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="advice">
<bean class="performanceThresholdInterceptor"/>
</property>
<property name="pattern">
<value>.+Service\..+</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="autoProxyCreator” class="org.springframework.aop.

framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"/>

<bean id=“studentService” class=“student.StudentService”/>

<bean id=“courseService” class=“student.CourseService”/>
<bean id=“sampleService” class=“sample.SampleService”/>
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Spring AOP Capabilities
 Implemented in pure Java
 Suitable for use in J2EE container since does not need to
control the class loader hierarchy
 Spring supports interception of methods
 Does not support field interception
 Provides classes to represent pointcuts and different
advise types
 Spring advises object at instance, rather than class loader
level

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