16 Century

th

Renaissance/ Shakespeare/
Elizabethan Age
PROSE
1. JOHN LYLY
--Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit
-- Euphes and his England

The books are didactic and aphoristic in style

Important lines:
-- In life, there is nothing sweet; in death, nothing swore. (Anatomy of wit)
--Where friendship is built, no offence can harbor (Euphues and his England)
2. SIR PHILIP SIDNEY

--ARCADIA (wrote this to entertain his sister).

3. FRANCIS BACON

--ESSAYS (58 essays collection) famous for maxims/ short pithy sayings
Imp lines: ‘A Crowd is not company’; Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man,
and writing an exact man’.
-- NEW ATLANTIS (utopia, an imaginary island of scholars and scientists)
-- ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING
--NOVUM ORGANUM (LATIN) (about inductive method of inquiring knowledge).

BACON LAID THE FOUNDATION OF MODERN SCIENCE

 Facilitator: Tania Shabir Shaikh

1
 Discussion Outline

• Revision of the previous lecture

• Understanding various literary devices
• Kahoot! Quiz

2
 Literary Devices

A literary device is a tool used by writers to hint at larger themes, ideas, and
meaning in a story or piece of writing. There are many styles of literary devices,
each serving a different purpose. Some operate at the sentence level, while others
serve the piece of writing as a whole.

The building blocks of literature, and what make literature so enchanting.

Language evolves through the literary devices in poetry and prose; the different
types of figurative language make literature spark in different ways.
 1. Simile
• The subject of the poem is described
by comparing it to another object or
subject, using 'as' or 'like'. For
example, the subject may be 'creeping as
quietly as a mouse' or be 'sly, like a fox.

• As cold as ice.
• As light as a feather.
• Cool as a cucumber.
• They're like two peas in a pod.
• Sleeping like a log.
• Life is like a box of chocolates.
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 Some Examples
• You were as brave as a lion.
• They fought like cats and dogs.
• He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
• This house is as clean as a whistle.
• He is as strong as an ox.
• This tree is like the god of the forest.
• Love is like war: easy to begin but very hard to stop. (H.L. Mencken)
• Life without love is like a tree without blossoms or fruit. (Khalil Gibran)
• All those moments will be lost in time, like… tears in rain. (Blade Runner)
• Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. (Albert Einstein)
• Her eyes sparkled like diamonds.
• Examples of Similes from Literature

"She weeps like a wench that had shed her milk" - All's Well That Ends Well by
Shakespeare.

"The cafe was like a battleship stripped for action" - The Sun Also Rises by Ernest
Hemingway.

• https://literarydevices.net/simile/
 2. Metaphor (Direct comparison)
•A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes
an object or action in a way that isn't literally
true, but helps explain an idea or make a
comparison. Here are the basics: A metaphor
states that one thing is another thing.

• Life is a highway.
• Her eyes were diamonds.
• He is a shining star.
• The snow is a white blanket.
• She is an early bird.
 Some Examples
• Laughter is the best medicine.
• She is just a late bloomer.
• Is there a black sheep in your family?
• His heart of stone surprised me.
• He’s buried in a sea of paperwork.
• There is a weight on my shoulder.
• Time is money.
• No man is an island.
• Last night I slept the sleep of the dead.
• His words cut deeper than a knife
• I'm drowning in a sea of grief
• Life is pain, highness. Anyone who says differently is selling something. (The Princess Bride)
• Fasten your seat-belts; it’s going to be a bumpy night. (All About Eve)
• Examples of Similes from Literature (Dreams by Langston Hughes)

• " Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
• Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.

• https://literarydevices.net/metaphor/
 3. Oxymoron
•An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines
contradictory words with opposing meanings, like
“old news,” “deafening silence,” or “organized
chaos.” Oxymoron may seem illogical at first, but
in context they usually make sense.

• “I am a deeply superficial person.” —Andy

Warhol
• “I distinctly remember forgetting that.” —Clara
Barton
• Silent scream
 Examples from Literature
• Parting is a sweet sorrow (Shakespeare in Romeo and
Juliet)

•A damned saint, an honorable villain! (Romeo and

Juliet)
• Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
• O anything, of nothing first create!
• O heavy lightness! Serious vanity!
• Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
• Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick
health!
• Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!
• This love feel I, that feel no love in this."
 4. Hyperbole
•Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a
rhetorical device or figure of speech. In rhetoric,
it is also sometimes known as auxesis. In poetry
and oratory, it emphasizes, evokes strong
feelings, and creates strong impressions. As a
figure of speech, it is usually not meant to be
taken literally.

• They ran like greased lightning.

• He's got tons of money.
• Her brain is the size of a pea.
• I will die if she asks me to dance.
• I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
 Examples
• Without hyperbole - This game is taking a long time.
• With hyperbole - This game is taking forever.
• Without hyperbole - This helmet is hurting my chin.
• With hyperbole - This helmet is killing me.
• It was so cold; I saw polar bears wearing hats and jackets.
• I have a million things to do today.
• “I would fly to the moon and back/ if you'll be If you'll be my baby/ Got a
ticket for a world where/ we belong/ So would you be my baby” - To the Moon
and Back, Savage Garden.
• A day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer. There was no hurry, for
there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with,
nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County."
 5. Personification
The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to
something non-human, or the representation of an abstract
quality in human form.

• My alarm yelled at me this morning.

• The sign on the door insulted my intelligence.
• My phone is not cooperating with me today.
• However, the mail is running unusually slow this week.
• I wanted to get money, but the ATM died.
• This article says that spinach is good for you.
• Unfortunately, when she stepped on the Lego, her foot cried.
• The sunflowers hung their heads.
• That door jumped in my way.
• The school bell called us from outside.
• In addition, the storm trampled the town.
 Examples

• The wind is whispering outside.

• The sun kissed my cheeks when I went outside.
• The sun smiled down on us.
• The story jumped off the page.
• The ocean danced in the moonlight.
• The phone awakened with a mighty ring.
• I could hear Karachi calling my name.
• The car coughed when there was no fuel in it.
 6. Onomatopoeia

An onomatopoeia is a word that sounds like the noise it

describes. The spelling and pronunciation of that
word is directly influenced by the sound it defines in
real life. All onomatopoeia words describe specific
sounds.
• The sheep went, “Baa.”
• The best part about music class is that you
can bang on the drum.
• Silence your cellphone so that it does
not beep during the movie.
• The bridge collapsed creating a tremendous boom.
• The large dog said, “Bow-wow!”
 Examples

• Both bees and buzzers buzz.

• The cash register popped open with a heart warming ca-ching.
• The bird’s chirp filled the empty night air.
• Her heels clacked on the hardwood floor.
• The clanging pots and pans awoke the baby.
• If you want the red team to win, clap your hands right now!
• Nothing annoys me more than rapidly clicking your pen.
• Daryl gargled the mouthwash.
• The snake slithered and hissed.
 Examples

• “water plops into pond

splish-splash downhill
warbling magpies in tree
trilling, melodic thrill
whoosh, passing breeze
flags flutter and flap
frog croaks, bird whistles
babbling bubbles from tap".
 7. Alliteration

• The occurrence of the same letter or

sound at the beginning of adjacent or
closely connected words.

• Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

• A good cook could cook as many
cookies as a good cook who could cook
cookies.
• Sheep should sleep in a shed.
 Lets Practice (15 minutes Task)

1. You had a terrible day at university. Share your experience with your
family at the dinner table using metaphor.
2. You entered the class and found that Creative Writing students were
wailing and dancing in the class. Lodge your complaint to the principal using
simile.
3. You visited New York and were amazed by the beauty of the city, esp the
statue of liberty. Write a sentence using metaphor.
4. You were calling to your friend but the call was ignored. Out of frustration,
you switched off the cell phone. Vent out your anger and frustration on your
friend using metaphor.
5. The friend to whom you gave money was found to be a total fraud and
dishonest. You decide to end relation. Express your resentment using
personification.
6
 Kahoot! Quiz

https://create.kahoot.it/details/0bbf3181-c0b9-43d9-9da2-9ffb3a1107a2

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