QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH
Approaches
MA. FAITH O. MALON
 1. Identifying the
appropriate
qualitative research
approach.
2. Appreciate the
Objectives importance of
selecting the
appropriate
qualitative research
approach.
3. Classify and label
research scenarios
based on the
 What Is Qualitative Research?
Qualitative research
involves collecting and
analyzing non-numerical
data (e.g., text, video, or
audio) to understand
concepts, opinions, or
experiences. It can be
used to gather in-depth
insights into a problem
or generate new ideas
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Qualitative research is the
opposite of
quantitative research
because quantitative
researches usually
involves collecting and
analyzing numerical data
for statistical analysis.
 Qualitative research is commonly
used in the humanities and social
sciences, in subjects such as
anthropology, sociology,
education, health sciences,
history, etc
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 Approaches to
Qualitative Research
While there are many
approaches to qualitative
research, they tend to be
flexible and focus on retaining
rich meaning when
interpreting data.
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 Although they share
some similarities but
they emphasize
different aims and
perspectives.
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 GROUNDED ETHNOGRAPHY
THEORY

CASE META CONTENT

PHENOMENOLOGY SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS
STUDY

NARRATIVE HISTORICAL
 1. GROUNDED THEORY
Researchers collect rich data
on a topic of interest and
develop theories inductively.

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 2. ETHNOGRAPHY

Researchers immerse
themselves in groups or
organizations to understand
their cultures.
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 3. PHENOMENOLOGY

Researchers investigate a
phenomenon or event by
describing and interpreting
participants’ lived experiences.
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 4. CASE STUDY

Researcher explore through

variety of lenses in order to
reveal multiple facets of the
phenomenon.
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 5. META SYNTHESIS
Researchers identify a specific
research question and then search
for, select, appraise, summarize,
and combine qualitative evidence
to address the research question
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 6. CONTENT ANALYSIS
Researchers determine the
presence of certain words,
themes, or concepts within some
given qualitative data. (i.e poem,
short story, movies)
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 7. NARRATIVE DESIGN

Researchers examine how

stories are told to understand
how participants perceive and
make sense of their
experiences.
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 8. HISTORICAL DESIGN

Describe and examine past

events to better understand
the present and to anticipate
potential effects on the future.
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ACTIVITY 2.
Direction. Classify and label research scenarios based
on the appropriate qualitative research approach,
providing justifications for each selection.
GROUNDED THEORY , ETHNOGRAPHY , PHENOMENOLOGY , CASE STUDY, META SYNTHESIS,
CONTENT ANALYSIS, NARRATIVE, HISTORICAL

1. A sociologist lives in a remote indigenous

community for a year to observe their
traditions, rituals, and daily lives.
• Label: ____________
• Justification: ____________
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 GROUNDED THEORY , ETHNOGRAPHY , PHENOMENOLOGY , CASE STUDY, META SYNTHESIS,
CONTENT ANALYSIS, NARRATIVE, HISTORICAL

2. A study examines the experiences of

students who dropped out of school and later
returned. The researcher collects data from
interviews and observations to develop a
theory on what motivates them to continue
their studies.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________

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 GROUNDED THEORY , ETHNOGRAPHY , PHENOMENOLOGY , CASE STUDY, META SYNTHESIS,
CONTENT ANALYSIS, NARRATIVE, HISTORICAL

3. A researcher follows the personal

journey of a war survivor by collecting
their life stories and organizing them into
a chronological narrative.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________

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 GROUNDED THEORY , ETHNOGRAPHY , PHENOMENOLOGY , CASE STUDY, META SYNTHESIS,
CONTENT ANALYSIS, NARRATIVE, HISTORICAL

4. A researcher conducts in-depth

interviews with survivors of a natural
disaster to understand their emotions and
experiences during and after the event.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________

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 Why is it important to
select appropriate
approach to qualitative
research?

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 Selecting the appropriate
qualitative research approach is
very important to ensure that
the study effectively addresses
the research question and
provides meaningful insights.
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 Choosing the wrong
approach can lead to
incomplete or misleading
findings, reducing the study’s
credibility and impact.

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 Assessment:
Instructions: Read each question carefully and
select the best answer. Write your answers on a
½ sheet of paper.
1.Which qualitative research approach focuses on
understanding the lived experiences of
individuals?
a) Ethnography
b) Grounded Theory
c) Phenomenology
d) Case Study

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 2. A researcher spends a year in a rural community
to observe their daily routines and cultural
practices. What qualitative approach is being used?
a) Narrative Research
b) Case Study
c) Ethnography
d) Grounded Theory
3. Which qualitative research design involves
collecting and analyzing personal life stories to
understand an individual’s experiences over time?
a) Case Study
b) Narrative Research
c) Ethnography
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d) Phenomenology presentation title 25
 4. If a researcher aims to develop a new theory
based on patterns observed in data from multiple
participants, which approach should they use?
a) Grounded Theory
b) Case Study
c) Phenomenology
d) Ethnography
5. A study examining the unique teaching strategies
of a highly effective teacher by conducting
interviews and classroom observations is an
example of:
a) Case Study
b) Phenomenology
c) Ethnography
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 B. Classify and label research scenarios
based on the appropriate qualitative
research approach, providing
justifications for each selection.

6. A sociologist spends a year living with a

nomadic tribe to document their way of life,
traditions, and beliefs. The study focuses on
how their culture influences their survival
strategies.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________
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 B. Classify and label research scenarios
based on the appropriate qualitative
research approach, providing
justifications for each selection.

6. A sociologist spends a year living with a

nomadic tribe to document their way of life,
traditions, and beliefs. The study focuses on
how their culture influences their survival
strategies.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________
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 7. A researcher examines newspaper articles,
social media posts, and TV news reports to
analyze how the media portrays mental health
issues over the past decade.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________
8. A researcher interviews multiple first-
generation college students to explore the
challenges they face and develops a theory on
the factors that influence their academic success.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________
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 9. An economist lives in a remote indigenous
community for a month to observe their
traditions, rituals, and daily lives.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________
10. A researcher conducts in-depth interviews
with cancer survivor to understand their
emotions and experiences before, during and
after the event.
• Label: ______________
• Justification: ______________
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 C.11-15. Why is it important to
select the appropriate
qualitative research approach?
16-20. What will happen if a
researcher select inappropriate
qualitative research approach?

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thank you
mafaithociomalon
[email protected]