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Unit - 1

The document provides an overview of web systems, including the Internet, World Wide Web, web protocols, browsers, and servers. It covers key components such as URLs, domain names, and both client-side and server-side scripting technologies. Additionally, it outlines web system architecture and various HTML tags used for structuring web content.

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Deo sagar kumar
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16 views25 pages

Unit - 1

The document provides an overview of web systems, including the Internet, World Wide Web, web protocols, browsers, and servers. It covers key components such as URLs, domain names, and both client-side and server-side scripting technologies. Additionally, it outlines web system architecture and various HTML tags used for structuring web content.

Uploaded by

Deo sagar kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Web SystemInternet Overview- WWW - Web

Protocols - Web Browsers and WebServers - Web System Architecture


– URL - Domain Name – Client and
Server-side Scripting.
Syllabus
• Internet Overview
• Definition: The Internet is a global network of interconnected devices that enables
the exchange of information and communication between systems worldwide.
• Key Components:
• ISP (Internet Service Provider): Connects users to the Internet.
• IP Address: Unique identifier for a device on a network.
• DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
• Applications:
• Email
• Social Media
• E-commerce
• Online Education
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Definition: A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet.
• Key Features:
• Hyperlinks to navigate between resources.
• Multimedia integration (text, images, videos).
• Accessibility through web browsers.
• Web Protocols
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
• Foundation of data communication on the Web.
• Methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
• HTTPS (HTTP Secure):
• Encrypted version of HTTP for secure data exchange.
• Uses SSL/TLS.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
• Used to transfer files between computers on a network.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
• Protocol for sending email.
• DNS Protocol:
• Resolves domain names to IP addresses.
• Web Browsers
• Definition: Software applications used to access and display web content.
• Examples:
• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Microsoft Edge
• Safari
• Features:
• Rendering web pages (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
• Bookmarking.
• Extensions and Plugins.
• Private Browsing Modes.
• Web Servers
• Definition: Software or hardware that stores, processes, and delivers web
pages to users.
• Examples:
• Apache HTTP Server
• Nginx
• Microsoft IIS
• Functions:
• Hosting websites.
• Handling client requests (HTTP/HTTPS).
• Managing server-side scripts.
• Web System Architecture
• Two-tier Architecture:
• Client: Web browser that requests resources.
• Server: Web server that provides resources.
• Three-tier Architecture:
• Client: Front-end application (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
• Server: Back-end application (PHP, Node.js).
• Database: Stores data (MySQL, MongoDB).
• Distributed Architecture:
• Uses multiple servers and microservices.
• Ensures scalability and fault tolerance.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
•Definition: The address of a resource on the Web.
•Structure:
•Protocol: https://
•Domain Name: example.com
•Path: /page1
•Query Parameters: ?id=123
•Example: https://www.example.com/page1?id=123
Domain Name
•Definition: Human-readable name that maps to an IP address.
•Types:
•Top-Level Domains (TLDs): .com, .org, .net.
•Country Code TLDs (ccTLDs): .us, .in, .uk.
•Subdomains: blog.example.com.
•Registration: Managed by organizations like ICANN.
• Client-Side Scripting
• Definition: Code executed on the user's browser.
• Technologies:
• HTML: Structure of the web page.
• CSS: Styling and layout.
• JavaScript: Interactivity and dynamic behavior.
• Examples:
• Form validation.
• Dynamic content updates.
• Animations.
• Server-Side Scripting
• Definition: Code executed on the server before sending the response to
the client.
• Technologies:
• PHP, Node.js, Python (Django/Flask), Ruby on Rails.
• Interaction with databases.
• Authentication and session management.
• Examples:
• User authentication.
• Generating dynamic web pages.
• Processing form data.
<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type
<html> Defines an HTML document
<head> Contains metadata/information for the
document

<title> Defines a title for the document


<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br> Inserts a single line break
<hr> Defines a thematic change in the content
<!--...--> Defines a comment
Tag Description
<acronym> Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead.
Defines an acronym
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a
document/article
<b> Defines bold text
<bdi> Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different
direction from other text outside it
<bdo> Overrides the current text direction
<big> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines big text
<blockquote> Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<center> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines centered text
<cite> Defines the title of a work
<code> Defines a piece of computer code
<del> Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<dfn> Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content
<em> Defines emphasized text
<font> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines font, color, and size for text
<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<ins> Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd> Defines keyboard input
<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text
<meter> Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<pre> Defines preformatted text
<progress> Represents the progress of a task
<q> Defines a short quotation
<rp> Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby
annotations
<rt> Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian
typography)
<ruby> Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s> Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp> Defines sample output from a computer program
<small> Defines smaller text
<strike> Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead.
Defines strikethrough text
<strong> Defines important text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<template> Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the
page loads
<time> Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<tt> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines teletype text
<u> Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from
normal text
<var> Defines a variable
<wbr> Defines a possible line-break
Tag Description
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<input> Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<button> Defines a clickable button
<select> Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form
<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<output> Defines the result of a calculation
Tag Description
<frame> Not supported in HTML5.
Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset> Not supported in HTML5.
Defines a set of frames
<noframes> Not supported in HTML5.
Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<iframe> Defines an inline frame
Tag Description
<img> Defines an image
<map> Defines a client-side image map
<area> Defines an area inside an image map
<canvas> Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<figcaption> Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure> Specifies self-contained content
<picture> Defines a container for multiple image resources
<svg> Defines a container for SVG graphics
Tag Description
<audio> Defines sound content
<source> Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video>,
<audio> and <picture>)
<track> Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<video> Defines a video or movie
Tag Description
<a> Defines a hyperlink
<link> Defines the relationship between a document and an external
resource (most used to link to style sheets)
<nav> Defines navigation links
Tag Description
<menu> Defines an alternative unordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dir> Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead.
Defines a directory list
<dl> Defines a description list
<dt> Defines a term/name in a description list
<dd> Defines a description of a term/name in a description list
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<caption> Defines a table caption
<th> Defines a header cell in a table
<tr> Defines a row in a table
<td> Defines a cell in a table
<thead> Groups the header content in a table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
<col> Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup>
element

<colgroup> Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting


Tag Description
<style> Defines style information for a document
<div> Defines a section in a document
<span> Defines a section in a document
<header> Defines a header for a document or section
<hgroup> Defines a header and related content
<footer> Defines a footer for a document or section
<main> Specifies the main content of a document
<section> Defines a section in a document
<search> Defines a search section
<article> Defines an article
<aside> Defines content aside from the page content
<details> Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dialog> Defines a dialog box or window
<summary> Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<data> Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content
Tag Description
<head> Defines information about the document
<meta> Defines metadata about an HTML document
<base> Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document
Tag Description
<script> Defines a client-side script
<noscript> Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-
side scripts
<applet> Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead.
Defines an embedded applet
<embed> Defines a container for an external resource
<object> Defines a container for an external resource
<param> Defines a parameter for an object

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