The document provides an introduction to Operating Systems (OS), outlining its role as an intermediary between users and computer hardware. It discusses the goals of OS, the components of a computer system, and various architectural designs such as monolithic, layered, and microkernel structures. Additionally, it includes a question bank for further exploration of OS concepts and functionalities.
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Module 1 Notes
The document provides an introduction to Operating Systems (OS), outlining its role as an intermediary between users and computer hardware. It discusses the goals of OS, the components of a computer system, and various architectural designs such as monolithic, layered, and microkernel structures. Additionally, it includes a question bank for further exploration of OS concepts and functionalities.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to Sem-IV
Subject: Operating Systems
Chapter 1: Module-1 Introduction to OS • A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware What is an • Operating system goals: Operating • Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier System? • Make the computer system convenient to use • Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner • Computer system can be divided into four components: • Hardware – provides basic computing resources • CPU, memory, I/O devices • Operating system Computer • Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users System • Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the Structure computing problems of the users • Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games • Users • People, machines, other computers Four Component s of a Computer System EVOLUTION OF OS EVOLUTION OF OS EVOLUTION OF OS • Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources Transition from • Timer is set to interrupt the computer after some time period User to Kernel • Keep a counter that is decremented by the physical clock.
Mode • Operating system set the counter (privileged instruction)
• When counter reaches zero, it generates an interrupt • Set up before scheduling process to regain control or terminate program that exceeds allotted time A monolithic structure in operating systems refers to a design approach where the entire operating system is built as a single large program. All functionalities, such as process management, memory management, file system handling, device drivers, and system calls, are implemented in one cohesive code base running in kernel mode. monolithic structure A layered operating system is a design approach in which the operating system is structured into hierarchical layers, with each layer performing specific functions. Each layer interacts only with the layer directly above and below it, promoting modularity and separation of concerns. layered operating system The microkernel architecture is a design approach for operating systems that minimizes the functionality within the kernel, delegating most services and operations to user-space components. This contrasts with the monolithic kernel where the entire operating system functionality resides in the kernel. microkernel architecture Question Bank
1 Draw and Define OS. Describe the functions of OS
2 State the objectives of OS
3. Explain the various system calls
4. Explain user mode and kernel mode with neat diagram
5 Explain the monolithic structure of OS with a neat diagram
6. Explain the Layered structure of OS with a neat diagram
7 Explain the Microkernel structure of OS with a neat diagram
8 What is Linux OS? State the features of Linux OS
9 Write shell script for the following
9a) Check if number is even or odd
9b) Print numbers from 1 to N 9c) Find largest of three numbers 9d) Factorial of a number 9e) Sum of N natural numbers 9f) Check whether string is palindrome or not 9g) Print multiplication table 9h) Reverse a number 9i) Display fibbonacci series Thank you.