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Module 1 Notes

The document provides an introduction to Operating Systems (OS), outlining its role as an intermediary between users and computer hardware. It discusses the goals of OS, the components of a computer system, and various architectural designs such as monolithic, layered, and microkernel structures. Additionally, it includes a question bank for further exploration of OS concepts and functionalities.

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4 views

Module 1 Notes

The document provides an introduction to Operating Systems (OS), outlining its role as an intermediary between users and computer hardware. It discusses the goals of OS, the components of a computer system, and various architectural designs such as monolithic, layered, and microkernel structures. Additionally, it includes a question bank for further exploration of OS concepts and functionalities.

Uploaded by

rogmagnusff
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to Sem-IV

Subject: Operating Systems


Chapter 1:
Module-1 Introduction to
OS
• A program that acts as an intermediary between
a user of a computer and the computer
hardware
What is an • Operating system goals:
Operating • Execute user programs and make solving user
problems easier
System? • Make the computer system convenient to use
• Use the computer hardware in an efficient
manner
• Computer system can be divided into four components:
• Hardware – provides basic computing resources
• CPU, memory, I/O devices
• Operating system
Computer • Controls and coordinates use of hardware
among various applications and users
System • Application programs – define the ways in which
the system resources are used to solve the
Structure computing problems of the users
• Word processors, compilers, web browsers,
database systems, video games
• Users
• People, machines, other computers
Four
Component
s of a
Computer
System
EVOLUTION OF OS
EVOLUTION OF OS
EVOLUTION OF OS
• Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources
Transition from • Timer is set to interrupt the computer after some time
period
User to Kernel • Keep a counter that is decremented by the physical clock.

Mode • Operating system set the counter (privileged instruction)


• When counter reaches zero, it generates an interrupt
• Set up before scheduling process to regain control or
terminate program that exceeds allotted time
A monolithic structure in operating systems refers to a design approach where the entire operating system is
built as a single large program. All functionalities, such as process management, memory management, file
system handling, device drivers, and system calls, are implemented in one cohesive code base running in kernel
mode.
monolithic structure
A layered operating system is a design approach in which the
operating system is structured into hierarchical layers, with
each layer performing specific functions. Each layer interacts
only with the layer directly above and below it, promoting
modularity and separation of concerns.
layered operating system
The microkernel architecture is a design approach for
operating systems that minimizes the functionality within the
kernel, delegating most services and operations to user-space
components. This contrasts with the monolithic kernel where
the entire operating system functionality resides in the kernel.
microkernel architecture
Question Bank

1 Draw and Define OS. Describe the functions of OS

2 State the objectives of OS

3. Explain the various system calls

4. Explain user mode and kernel mode with neat diagram

5 Explain the monolithic structure of OS with a neat diagram

6. Explain the Layered structure of OS with a neat diagram

7 Explain the Microkernel structure of OS with a neat diagram

8 What is Linux OS? State the features of Linux OS

9 Write shell script for the following

9a) Check if number is even or odd


9b) Print numbers from 1 to N
9c) Find largest of three numbers
9d) Factorial of a number
9e) Sum of N natural numbers
9f) Check whether string is palindrome or not
9g) Print multiplication table
9h) Reverse a number
9i) Display fibbonacci series
Thank you.

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