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The document explains the concept of degrees of freedom in relation to the t-distribution, detailing how to use a t-distribution table to find critical values based on sample sizes. It provides examples of calculating areas under the t-distribution curve and determining t-values from given probabilities. Additionally, it includes practice problems for individual and group work related to the t-distribution.

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6 views19 pages

4

The document explains the concept of degrees of freedom in relation to the t-distribution, detailing how to use a t-distribution table to find critical values based on sample sizes. It provides examples of calculating areas under the t-distribution curve and determining t-values from given probabilities. Additionally, it includes practice problems for individual and group work related to the t-distribution.

Uploaded by

lorygulane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Regions under the -

Distribution
Degrees of freedom
1 the number of independent pieces of information needed to calculate
something. This term also refers to the number of free choices left after a
sample statistic is calculated.

for a single group; or

for two groups,

where , , are the sample sizes.


-Distribution Table
2 contains the critical values of the -distribution. The column headers are the
-distribution probabilities (alpha). The row names are the degrees of
freedom ().
Using the -Distribution Table
3 1. Locate the row containing the degrees of freedom.
2. From the row of the indicated degrees of freedom, locate the computed
-value.
3. Get the corresponding column header (upper-tail probability) of the -
value.
Example 1: In a -distribution, what is the area under
the curve that is to the right of and with ?
Example 1: In a -distribution, what is the area under
the curve that is to the right of and with ?

Solution:
By using the -distribution table, we will see that the area
to the right of and with is 0.025.
Example 2: A sample size of 25 was randomly selected
from a normally distributed population for a statistical
study. After using the -statistic, the researcher found out
that the area to the right of the -value is 15%. What is
the -value?
Example 2: A sample size of 25 was randomly selected
from a normally distributed population for a statistical
study. After using the -statistic, the researcher found out
that the area to the right of the -value is 15%. What is
the -value?

Solution:
Since the sample size is 25, then .

Now, we need to look at the row containing the and


trace the -value whose upper-tail probability is 0.15.
Example 2: A sample size of 25 was randomly selected
from a normally distributed population for a statistical
study. After using the -statistic, the researcher found out
that the area to the right of the -value is 15%. What is
the -value?

Solution:

Therefore, the -value is 1.059.


Individual Practice:

1. A sample of 30 students was taken from a normally


distributed population for a special type of
research. The -value was computed to be 2.462.
What is the area under the curve that is to the right
of the -value?
Individual Practice:

2. We would like to sample 15 individuals from a


normally distributed population. The population
mean is 63. We found the sample mean to be 67.5
with a standard deviation of 8. What is the area to
the right of the
-value?
Group Practice: To be done in groups of 4

A certain private school claims that the average IQ of


their students is 100. A sample of 10 students was taken
with a standard deviation of 20. If the IQ of the students
follow a normal distribution, what is the probability that
the average IQ for the sample is 110?
Degrees of freedom
1 the number of independent pieces of information needed to calculate
something. This term also refers to the number of free choices left after a
sample statistic is calculated.

-Distribution Table
2 Contains the critical values of the -distribution. The column headers are the
-distribution probabilities (alpha). The row names are the degrees of
freedom ().
Using the -Distribution Table
3 1. Locate the row containing the degrees of freedom.
2. From the row of the indicated degrees of freedom, locate the computed
-value.
3. Get the corresponding column header (upper-tail probability) of the -
value.

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