BY: NISHAT ANJUM,

MJPRU, Bareilly.
 Meaning of Motivation
The term motivation has been derived from
the Latin word "MOVERE" which means "to
move."
Motive is the urge, need, want or desire that
induces a person to work.
Motivation is the process of including and
instigating the subordinates to put in their
best.
 Definitions of Motivation
•According to BF Skinner,
"Motivation is school learning involves
arousing persistic, sustaining and narrative
desirable behaviour."
•According to Bernard,
"Motivation is the stimulation of action
towards particular objective where
previously there was little or no attraction
towards that goal."
 Types of Motivation
1.Intrinsic motivation
•It is called internal motivation.
•It is a self driven type motivation that last for a long time'
•It originates from the students in a cells for from factors
inherent in the task been performed.
•A kind of motivation that must be developed among the
learners.
2.Extrinsic motivation
•It is called external motivation.
•It originates from the student's learning environment or
from factors external to the students and unrelated to the
task at hand.
•This is not permanent it need some sort of continuous
reinforcement in the form of a phrase for concrete rewards.
 Reward and punishment
This is very impactful technique to motivate
a student. According to this technique a
student is rewarded for good deeds and
punished for every bad deeds he does.
Award given should not be expensive so that
it does not develop the feeling of greediness
in students and also punishment should not
be severe.
"In the giving of reward, the end justifies
the means”. -Bompas Smith
 Praise and blame
This is also similar to reward and punishment
technique. A student should be praised for his
good dates or behaviour and should be blame
and scolded for bad deeds. A teacher should be
just for all the students and should not favour
anyone.
"Praise for success and blame for failure are
more effective than indiscriminate praise and
blame”. -Wheat
 Success vs failure
Life is full of struggles. One faces both
success and failure in life. Success helps a
person to move forward while failure
motivation for San to a great extent. So, a
teacher should advise a child to choose a
goal according to his potential and not to
lose hope after failure.
"School program should be sufficiently
varied so that every pupil has a chance to
succeed at his own level." - Bernard
 Competition and Cooperation
Today's time is a time of competition. Everyone wants to
succeed and be ahead of others. This is a very good factor for
motivation. One was hard and tries so that he does not get
behind. Competition at a large scale is very important and a
teacher should make sure that there is no unhealthy
competition between the students.
In the similar way cooperation is also very important
nowadays. Doing something together as a team makes that
task easy and reduces the labour. Child launched to co-
operate mutual respect and concern for each other.
" Friendly competition is a better source of motivation."
-JP Miller
 Novelty
Novelty means a child gets bored of learning
with the same pattern again and again. He
gets distracted in classroom and does not
pay attention to what teacher is saying. So
new technique should be adapted and
implemented from time to time and difficult
topics should be taught while giving
reference from daily life.
 Maslow’s Law of Motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational
theory comprising a 5 tier human needs, often
depicted as hierarchy levels within a pyramid.
From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the
needs are: Psychological, safety, love and
belongingness, Esteem and self actualization.
Needs slowdown in the hierarchy must be
satisfied before individuals can attend to
needs higher up.
 PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
These are biological requirements for human
survival for example air, food, drink, shelter,
clothing, warmth and sleep.
If these needs are not satisfied the human body
cannot function optimally.
 SECURITY NEEDS
Once the individual physiological needs a
satisfied the need for security and safety
become salient. These needs can only be
fulfilled by family and Society. For example
emotional security, financial security, law
and order, freedom from fear, social stability,
property, health etc.
 BELONGINGNESS & LOVE
NEEDS
After physiological and security needs are
fulfilled, human needs is social and involves
feelings of belongingness. The need for
interpersonal relationships motivates behaviour.
For example friendship, intimacy, trust and
acceptance, receiving and giving affection and
love.
 ESTEEM NEEDS
It is the fourth level which Maslow classified
into two categories: First is esteem for
oneself [dignity, achievement, mastery,
independence] and second is the desire for
reputation for respect from others [ Status
and Prestige]
 SELF ACTUALIZATION
It is the highest level of hierarchy and it refers to
the realisation of a person's potential, self
fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences. Maslow[1943] describes this level as
the desire to accomplish everything that one can
to become the most that one can be.
 The Eight Stage Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's theory has been elaborated upon
by other researchers. Maslow's original five
stage model been adapted by other
researchers who have analysed Maslow's
theory to develop eight stage hierarchy of
needs pyramid.
 Additional Needs
1.Cognitive needs: Need to know and understand.
For example knowledge, meaning,
understanding etc.
2.Aesthetic needs: Need to express oneself in
pleasing ways. For example appreciation and
search for beauty, balance form etc.
3.Transcendence needs: Helping others to achieve
the level of self actualization.
THANK YOU!