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Project 3

The document outlines a final year project focused on developing a Road Safety and Vehicle Accident Prevention System using an Arduino Uno board, IR sensors, LED lights, and LCD displays. The system aims to alert drivers approaching curves about the road conditions on the other side, thereby reducing accidents caused by blind corners. Key components and circuit operations are detailed, emphasizing the importance of technology in enhancing road safety.

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gregorymushili10
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8 views21 pages

Project 3

The document outlines a final year project focused on developing a Road Safety and Vehicle Accident Prevention System using an Arduino Uno board, IR sensors, LED lights, and LCD displays. The system aims to alert drivers approaching curves about the road conditions on the other side, thereby reducing accidents caused by blind corners. Key components and circuit operations are detailed, emphasizing the importance of technology in enhancing road safety.

Uploaded by

gregorymushili10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Zesco Training Centre

FINAL YEAR PROJECT

ROAD SAFETY AND VEHICLE ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM

ADVANCED CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


Name NRC NUMBER EXAM NUMBER

Gershom Chifumbe 261934/64/1 786543


Gregory Mushili 296688/66/1 779937
Nelson Botha 197579/57/1 779915
Edgar Salumayi 110656/27/1 779943
Changwe Musakula 173670/22/1 62370

SUPERVISED BY: Mrs. Phiri Misozi


INTRODUCTION

This Project is intended to give drivers approaching a curve an indication of the status
of the road on the other end of the curve. This is in order to prevent accidents due to
curves from occurring.
Problem statement
• Road accidents continues to be leading cause of injuries and fatalities worldwide. Human error,
distracted driving, speeding and inadequate road condition are major contributors to these
accidents.
PROJECT
OVERVIEW
The accident prevention system using sensors is powered by Arduino Uno board, it consists of IR
sensors, LED lights and LCD displays. When a car is approaching the curve from one end, it is
detected by the IR sensor which sends a signal to the Arduino Uno board. The Arduino then
sends a signal to the orange LED on the opposite end and the programmed text is displayed on
the LCD screen indicating the status of the road ahead. The same happens when a car is
detected by the other IR sensor. This in itself implies that drivers coming from either ends of the
curve will be alerted on the condition of the other end they are approaching and gives them a
chance to take necessary precautions and thereby preventing accidents due to blind corners.
OBJECTIVE

1. To provide awareness to the status of the road on both ends.


2. To develop smart road designs
3. To prevent some of the most dangerous road accidents that happen on blind
corners with an obstructed view of the oncoming traffic (usually termed as blind
corners)
Components
• TRANSFORMER: Transformer is the electrical
device that convert energy from one level to
another while maintaining the frequency.

Fig 2.1 Transformer


Components
• 2.2 INTERGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)
• This is a small circuit that is used as a voltage
regulator.

Fig 2.2 Integrated Circut


Components
• Resistors: are electrical devices that are used
to offer opposition to the flow of current,
hence they can be used for both protection of
the electric equipment from high currents
through the opposition (current limiting).
• For the protection of the LED resistor will
used
COMPONENTS
• The Arduino Uno: is a microprocessor board
on the Atmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (6 of which can be
used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. It contains everything required to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it
to the computer with a USB cable or power it
with an AC to DC adapter or battery to get
started.

Fig 2.4 Arduino Uno


COMPONENTS
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• An LCD is an electronic display module which
uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image
for human interfaces.
COMPONENTS

• An infrared sensor: is an electronic


instrument that is used to detect certain
characteristics of its surrounding. It does this
by emitting or detecting infrared radiation.
These are capable of measuring the heat
being emitted by an object and detecting
motion.
• We have used a sensor that emits infrared to
detect motion.
• Figure 2.6 shows an image of infrared sensor
COMPONENTS
Diode
• The function of a diode is to allow an electric
current to flow in one direction (diodes
forward biased) while blocking It in the
opposite direction (reverse biased).
• We are going to use these diodes in the
rectification circuit. Their main function is to
conduct current only in one direction. By
doing this, incoming AC signal is transformed
to a DC flowing in one direction.
Components
• A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor
with either a sliding or rotating contact that
forms an adjustable voltage divider.
• In this project the potentiometer is being
used to adjust the contrast of the LCD screen,
through the control pin this operation is
possible.
Components
• A capacitor is an electrical component whose
use is to store charge. We have used this
component in our project to filter out excess
voltage to allow only the needed voltage by
the Arduino Uno Board.
Components
• A light emitting diode is a semi-conductor
light source that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the semi-
conductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of protons. The
colour of the light is determined by the
energy required for electrons to cross the
band gap of the semi-conductor.
• In this project the LED is going to be used as
an indication for a warning, it is connected in
series with a resistor to protect it from
excessive current.
Components
• A fuse is an electrical protective device or
component used to only allow up-to a
maximum predetermined value of current to
flow through it.
• This component will be used as a protection
to our circuit from over currents that may
occur in an instance where a fault incurs.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (POWER CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (CONTROL CIRCUIT)
BLOCK DIAGRAM

STEP-DOWN
AC SOURCE RECTIFIER REGULATOR
TRANSFORMER

LCD A LCD B
ARDUINO
UNO

LED 1

INFRARE INFRARE
D D
SENSOR SENSOR
CIRCUIT OPERATION
• The power supply of this circuit is such that it receives an AC supply voltage of 220-230 which is
stepped down by a transformer to a certain value V. The stepped down voltage then becomes an
input to a bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier is for the purpose of Converting the Input (stepped
down) AC voltage to a DC equivalent value of ..... V. The bridge diode rectifier supplies the
Arduino Board through the 5 volts IC regulator to power it.
• When the Arduino Uno is powered with the 5volts, it supplies 5volts to its output pins. The input
pins won’t have any power supplied to them by the Arduino itself. The components; IR Sensors,
LEDS and LCD Screens are supplied with power by the Arduino through its pins.
• The Arduino has been programmed with a program which is written in C++ programming
language which is solely the factor that gives the project its operation. When the IR Sensors
detect motion, a signal is sent to the Arduino through an input pin. The Arduino receives and
interprets the signal from the IR sensors and then it responds according to the program command
by sending a data signal through the output pins to the LCDs and LEDs.

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