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Chapter One

The document provides an introduction to mechanical vibration, outlining its causes, types, effects, and the importance of studying it. It emphasizes the need for vibration analysis in various systems to prevent safety issues, machine damage, and quality problems. The learning outcomes include understanding vibration definitions, classifications, and developing skills for vibration control.

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Abyot yassab
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22 views7 pages

Chapter One

The document provides an introduction to mechanical vibration, outlining its causes, types, effects, and the importance of studying it. It emphasizes the need for vibration analysis in various systems to prevent safety issues, machine damage, and quality problems. The learning outcomes include understanding vibration definitions, classifications, and developing skills for vibration control.

Uploaded by

Abyot yassab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WOLDIA UNIVERSITY

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL VIBRATION
(MEng4161)
Learning Outcome

 Know the different causes of vibration

 Know the three types of vibrations (transversal, axial and torsional)

 Develop a model for vibration analysis

 Make transient and steady state vibration analysis of single, two and multi degree

of freedom systems, and


 Develop the necessary skills required to control vibrations
Chapter outlines
Phenomenon Musical
 Definition of vibration of vibration instrument
(string)
 Causes of vibration
Use monochord
 Effect of vibration

 Purpose of studying vibration Observed that if two string of


Pythagoras
different length are subjected
 Degree of freedom the same tension the shorter
one emits a higher note.
 Classification of vibration
Frequency of
 Vibration analysis procedure vibration

History of vibration
What is vibration?
 Vibration is any motion that repeats itself after an interval of time. The swinging
of a pendulum and the motion of a plucked string are typical examples of
vibration.

a. The swinging of a pendulum b. Motion of spring


 Vibration is expressed using oscillation

 Oscillation is a physical phenomenon that repeats regularly with time

 Mechanical vibration is usually ‘small’ oscillation compared to the size of the object

 All bodies having mass and elasticity are capable of producing vibration

 Vibration sources are characterized by their time and frequency domain properties
Causes of vibration
 Dynamic loads

I. Internal generation mechanisms


 Unbalance forces like in engines/turbines

 Misalignment

 Looseness

 Wear

II. External mechanisms


 Wind loads/earthquake excitations

 Road bumps

Wind load as a
cause of
vibration
Effects of vibration
 Safety issues:- Although the sources of vibrations can usually be resolved easily at an

early stage, they can develop into serious safety issues if action is not taken when
required.
 Machine damage:-When critical vibrations are not identified at an early stage, (serious)

damage to the machine can occur.


 Reduced availability:- As a result of increasing vibration, it may be necessary to reduce

the machine load, e.g. rotational speed or output. This leads to reduced availability.
 Unscheduled downtime:- Vibrations often develop gradually and can be hard to detect

without proper instrumentation. As soon as they become apparent, it is usually too late
to take preventive measures and only mitigating measures are possible. Mitigating
measures can only limit the effects of excessive vibrations, and damage may have
occurred already.
Conti…

 Supply issues:- Many companies have to adhere to certain supply agreements. An

unscheduled stop or reduced availability, as a result of defective machine parts or


excessive damage, is likely to lead to the inability to comply to these supply
agreements.
 Unnecessary maintenance:- Machine parts are often replaced preventively to

ensure that the machine is available at all times


 Semi-finished products:- When a machine has to be stopped or fails

unexpectedly, semi-finished products remain in the process.


 Quality issues:- Although a machine seems to run properly, this is not always the

case. Vibration measurements and analyses are helpful to determine potential


malfunctions.
Purpose of studying vibration

 Vibrations can lead to excessive deflections and failure on the machines and
structures
 To reduce vibration through proper design of machines and their mountings
 To utilize profitably in several consumer and industrial applications
 To improve the efficiency of certain machining, casting, forging & welding
processes
 To stimulate earthquakes for geological research and conduct studies in design
of nuclear reactors

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