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Statistics and Probability 2

The document explains the concepts of statistics and probability, focusing on random variables and their distributions. It provides examples of discrete and continuous random variables, illustrating how to determine their values through experiments. Additionally, it includes a problem related to counting outcomes in a scenario involving colored balls.

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kmcopeland.abec
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9 views21 pages

Statistics and Probability 2

The document explains the concepts of statistics and probability, focusing on random variables and their distributions. It provides examples of discrete and continuous random variables, illustrating how to determine their values through experiments. Additionally, it includes a problem related to counting outcomes in a scenario involving colored balls.

Uploaded by

kmcopeland.abec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS

AND
PROBABILITY
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals
with the collection, analysis, interpretation,
presentation, and organization of data. It provides
tools and methodologies for understanding and
making sense of data, allowing us to draw
meaningful conclusions and make informed
decisions.
Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals
with the likelihood or chance of an event occurring.
It quantifies uncertainty and allows us to make
predictions about the occurrence of events based
on certain conditions
Random
Variables and
Probability
Distributions

A Random Variable is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the


outcome of an experiments. It is a variable that assumes numerical
values associated with the events of an experiment.
A Random Variable is a quantitative variable which values depends
on change.
NOTE: We use CAPITAL LETTERS to represents a random
Example 1
Suppose two coins are tossed and we are interested to determine the
number of tails that will come out. Let us use T to represent the number of
tails that will come out. Determine the values of the random variable T.

STEPS SOLUTION
1. List the sample space S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}

Number of Tails
Outcome
(Value of T)

2. Count the number of tail sin each outcome HH 0


and assign this number to this outcome.
HT 1
TH 1
TT 2

The values of the random variable T (number


3. Conclusion
of tails) in this experiment are 0, 1 and 2.
Example 2
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn
containing 5 orange balls and 6 violet balls. Let V be the random variable
representing the number of violet balls. Find the values of the random
variable V.
STEPS SOLUTION
1. List the sample space S = {OO, OV, VO, VV}

Number of Tails
Outcome
(Value of V)
Count the number of violet balls in each
outcome and assign this number to this OO 0
outcome. OV 1
VO 1
VV 2

The values of the random variable V (number


3. Conclusion of violet balls) in this experiment are 0, 1, and
2.
A discrete random A continuous random
variable has a variable can assume an
countable number of infinite number of values
possible values. in one or more intervals.
EXAMPLES:
Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable

Number of pens in a box Amount of antibiotics in the vial

Number of ants in a colony Length of electric wires

Number of ripe bananas in a basket Voltage of car batteries

Number of COVID 19 positive cases in


Weight of newborn in the hospital
Hermosa, Bataan

Number of defective batteries Amount of sugar in a cup of coffee


USING EXAMPLE #1 STEPS SOLUTION
1. List the sample space S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}

Number of Tails
Outcome
(Value of T)

2. Count the number of tail sin each outcome HH 0


and assign this number to this outcome. HT 1
TH 1
TT 2
The values of the random variable T (number
of tails) in this experiment are 0, 1 and 2

Number of
3. Construct the frequency distribution of the Number of Tails
Occurrence(Freq
values of the random variable T (Value of T)
uency)

0 1
1 2
2 1
TOTAL 4
PROBLEM:
A basket contains 10 red balls and 4 white balls. If
three balls are taken from the basket one after the
other, determine the possible values of the random
variable R representing the number of red balls.

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