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Kinds of Variables

The document outlines different types of variables used in research, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio variables, each defined by their characteristics and examples. It also explains the roles of independent, dependent, intervening, and control variables in research studies. Understanding these variables is crucial for measuring and analyzing data effectively.

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Alexis Matthew Ruiz
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17 views26 pages

Kinds of Variables

The document outlines different types of variables used in research, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio variables, each defined by their characteristics and examples. It also explains the roles of independent, dependent, intervening, and control variables in research studies. Understanding these variables is crucial for measuring and analyzing data effectively.

Uploaded by

Alexis Matthew Ruiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kinds of

Variables and
their uses.
CS_RS12-Ia-
c-3
VARIABLES
It refers to a
characteristics or attribute
of an individual or an
organization that can be
measured or observed and
that varies among people
or organization being
• It comes from the root
word “vary” or simply
“can change”
• Bernard (1994) defines
variables as something
that can take more than
one value, and values
The most common
variables in social
research are age, sex,
gender, education,
income, marital status,
and education.
Quantitative Variables, also
called numerical variables, are
the type of variables used in
quantitative research because
they are numeric and can be
measured. Under this category
FOUR TYPES
OF VARIABLES
1. Nominal
Variable
2. Ordinal
Variable
3. Interval
1. NOMINAL VARIABLE
– represent categories
that cannot be ordered
in any particular way.
Examples:
- Biological Sex
(Male/Female)
- Mode of transportation
- Blood Type -favorite
color
- Zip code - marital
2. ORDINAL VARIABLE
– represent categories
that can be ordered from
greatest to smallest
EXAMPLES:
- education level
- Socio-economic status
- Satisfaction rating
- Rank
-pain scale
3. INTERVAL
VARIABLE – have
values that lie along an
evenly dispersed range
of numbers.
EXAMPLES:

-Temperature in Celsius (-10°C, 0°C,


10°C, 20°C, 30°C)
-IQ Scores (90, 100, 110, 120, 130)
-Year of Birth (1900, 1950, 2000, 2010,
2020)
-Shoe Sizes (5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

― Irene M. Pepperberg
4. RATIO VARIABLE –
have variables that lie
along the evenly dispersed
range of numbers when
there is an absolute zero.
It possesses the properties
of the interval variable and
has a clear definition of
EXAMPLES:

-Height in Centimeters
(150 cm, 160 cm, 170 cm,
180 cm, 190 cm)
-Weight in Kilograms (50
kg, 60 kg, 70 kg, 80 kg, 90
kg)
Kinds of
Variables
1. INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES – those that
probably cause, influence,
or affect outcomes. They
are invariably called
treatment, manipulated,
antecedent, or predict or
variables.
Examples:
A study on the
relationship of parental
support and academic
performance of Senior
High School students in
Narra National High
PARENTAL SUPPORT is
the independent variable
because it influenced the
outcome or the
performance of the
students.
2. DEPENDENT
VARIABLES – those that
depend on the
independent variables;
they are the outcomes or
results on the influence
above, Academic
Performance of the SHS
student in NNHS is the
Dependent Variable
because it is depending
on the kind of parental
support showed which
makes their performance
high or low.
3. INTERVENING VARIABLE
OR MEDIATING VARIABLE –
“stand between” the
independent and dependent
variables, and they show the
effects of the independent
4. CONTROL VARIABLE –
special types of independent
variables that are measured
in a study because they
potentially influence the
dependent variable.
Researchers use statistical
They may be demographic or
personal variables that need
to be “controlled” so that the
true influence of the
independent variable on the
dependent can be
Examples:
In a study, “Determining the
Effects of Exposure to Different
Colored Lights on the Growth of the
Plant”, the control variables are the
type of plant, the amount of soil,
and the amount of water given to
the plants. These variables are
controlled so that the plant growth

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