WEB AND DATABASE

WEB
What Does Web Mean?
The Web is the common name for the World Wide Web, a
subset of the Internet consisting of the pages that can be
accessed by a Web browser. Many people assume that the
Web is the same as the Internet, and use these terms
interchangeably. However, the term Internet actually refers
to the global network of servers that makes the
information sharing that happens over the Web possible.
So, although the Web does make up a large portion of the
Internet, but they are not one and same.

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 HOW THE WEB WORKS
Clients and servers
Computers connected to the web are called clients and servers. A simplified
diagram of how they interact might look like this:

Two circles representing client and server. An arrow labelled request is going from
client to server, and an arrow labelled responses is going from server to client

Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices (for example, your
computer connected to your Wi-Fi, or your phone connected to your mobile
network) and web-accessing software available on those devices (usually a web
browser like Firefox or Chrome).

Servers are computers that store webpages, sites, or apps. When a client device
wants to access a webpage, a copy of the webpage is downloaded from the
server onto the client machine to be displayed in the user's web browser.

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 THE OTHER • DNS: Domain Name System is like

PARTS OF THE an address book for websites. When

T O O L
In addi tio n to th e
you type a web address in your

server, we also need to say hello to: browser, the browser looks at the
B O X
• Your
c lieinternet
nt a connection:
nd the Allows DNS to find the website's IP address
you to send and receive data on the before it can retrieve the website.
web. It's basically like the street The browser needs to find out which
between your house and the shop. server the website lives on, so it can
• TCP/IP: Transmission Control send HTTP messages to the right

Protocol and Internet Protocol are place (see below). This is like looking

communication protocols that up the address of the shop so you

define how data should travel across can access it.

the internet. This is like the • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is

transport mechanisms that let you an application protocol that defines
place an order, go to the shop, and a language for clients and servers to
buy your goods. In our example, this speak to each other. This is like the
is like a car or a bike (or however language you use to order your
else you might get around). goods. 4
• Component files: A website is made
up of many different files, which are
like the different parts of the goods
you buy from the shop. These files
come in two main types:

-Code files: Websites are built

primarily from HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript, though you'll meet other
technologies a bit later.

-Assets: This is a collective name

for all the other stuff that makes up a
website, such as images, music, video,
Word documents, and PDFs.

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 DATABASE
What is Database?
A database is a systematic collection of data. They support
electronic storage and manipulation of data. Databases
make data management easy.

Let us discuss a database example: An online telephone

directory uses a database to store data of people, phone
numbers, and other contact details. Your electricity service
provider uses a database to manage billing, client-related
issues, handle fault data, etc.

Let us also consider Facebook. It needs to store, manipulate,

and present data related to members, their friends, member
activities, messages, advertisements, and a lot more. We can
provide a countless number of examples for the usage of
databases.

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 TYPES OF • Object-oriented databases:
This
• type of computers database
D A T A B
Distr ibut ed da tab ase
database is a type of database that supports the storage of all data
has contributions from the common types. The data is stored in the form
A s: ASdE
database istS
and ributed
information captured of objects. The objects to be held in
by local computers. In this type of the database have attributes and
database system, the data is not in methods that define what to do with
one place and is distributed the data. PostgreSQL is an example
at various organizations. of an object-oriented relational

• Relational databases: This type of DBMS.

database defines database •Centralized

relationships in the form of tables. It database:
is also called Relational DBMS, which It is
is the most popular DBMS type in a centralized location,
the market. Database example of and users from different
the RDBMS system include MySQL, backgrounds can
Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server access this data. This
database. type of computers databases 7
• Open-source databases: This kind of • Data warehouses: Data Warehouse

database stored information related is to facilitate a single version of

to operations. It is mainly used in the truth for a company for decision

field of marketing, employee making and forecasting. A Data

relations, customer service, of warehouse is an information system

databases. that contains historical and

commutative data from single or
• Cloud databases: A cloud database is
multiple sources. Data Warehouse
a database which is optimized or
concept simplifies the reporting and
built for such a virtualized
analysis process of the organization.
environment. There are so many
advantages of a cloud database, • NoSQL databases: NoSQL database

some of which can pay for storage is used for large sets of distributed

capacity and bandwidth. It also data. There are a few big data

offers scalability on-demand, along performance problems that are

with high availability. effectively handled by relational

databases. This type of computers
database is very efficient in
analyzing large-size 8
• Graph databases: A graph-oriented • Personal database: A

database uses graph theory to store, personal database is used to store

map, and query relationships. These data stored

on personal computers that are

kinds of computers databases are smaller and easily manageable. The

mostly used for analyzing data is mostly used by the same

interconnections. For example, an department of the company and is

organization can use a accessed by a small group of people.

graph database to mine data •Multimodal database:

about
customers from social media. The multimodal database
•OLTP databases:OLTP is a type of data
another processing platform
database type which able to perform
fast query processing and that supports multiple

maintaining data integrity in data models that define how the

multi-access environments. certain knowledge and

information in a
database should be
organized and arranged.

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• Document/JSON database: In • Network DBMS: This type of DBMS
a supports many-to-many relations. It
document-oriented database,
the usually results in complex database
data is kept in document collections,
usually using the XML, JSON, BSON structures. RDM Server is an

formats. One record can store as example of database management

much data as you want, in any data system that implements the network

type (or types) you prefer. model.

• Hierarchical: This type of DBMS

employs the “parent-
relationship child” of storing
data.
structure is like a treeItswith nodes
representing records and branches
representing fields. The windows
registry used in Windows XP is a
hierarchical database example.

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 DATABASE
COMPONENTS • Data: Data is a raw and unorganized
There are five main components of a database: fact that is required to be processed
•Hardware: The hardware consists of
to make it meaningful. Data can be
physical, electronic devices like
simple at the same time unorganized
computers, I/O devices, storage
unless it is organized. Generally, data
devices, etc. This offers the interface
comprises facts, observations,
between computers and real-world
perceptions, numbers, characters,
systems.
symbols, images, etc.
• Software: This is a set of programs
• Procedure: Procedure are a set of
used to manage and control the
instructions and rules that help you
overall database. This includes the
to use the DBMS. It is designing and
database software itself, the
running the database using
Operating System, the network
documented methods, which allows
software used to share the data
you to guide the users who operate
among users, and the application
and manage it.
programs for accessing data in the
database. 11
• Database Language:
Access
Database Access language is used to
access the data to and from the
database, enter new data, update
already existing data, or retrieve
required data from DBMS. The user
writes some specific commands in a
database access language and
submits these to the database.

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 WHAT IS A DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)?
Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that
enable its users to access databases, manipulate data, report, and
represent data. It also helps to control access to the database. Database
Management Systems are not a new concept and, as such, had been first
implemented in the 1960s.

Charles Bachman’s Integrated Data Store (IDS) is said to be the first DBMS
in history. With time database, technologies evolved a lot, while usage
and expected functionalities of databases increased immensely.

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 ADVANTAGES OF
DBMS
• DBMS offers a variety of techniques • Offers Data Integrity and Security.
to store & retrieve data.
• The DBMS implies integrity
• DBMS serves as an efficient handler constraints to get a high level of
to balance the needs of multiple protection against prohibited access
applications using the same data. to data.

• Uniform administration procedures • A DBMS schedules concurrent access

for data. to the data in such a manner that

• Application only one user can access the same

never
data at a time.
programmers exposed data
to details • Reduced Application
of representation and Development Time.
• A DBMS uses various powerful
storage.
functions to store and retrieve data
efficiently.

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 DISADVANTAGE
OF DBMS
DBMS may offer plenty of advantages but,
it has certain flaws-
•Cost of Hardware and Software • Use of the same program at a time
of a by many users sometimes lead to the
DBMS is quite high which loss of some data.
increases the budget of your
• Most database management • DBMS can’t perform sophisticated
organization.
systems are often complex systems, calculations.

so the training for users to use the

DBMS is required.

• In some organizations, all data is

integrated into a single database
which can be damaged because of
electric failure or database is
corrupted on the storage media.

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