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Quantitative Data Analysis

The document discusses quantitative data analysis, emphasizing the conversion of data into numerical forms for statistical analysis. It outlines the planning process for data collection, types of data, and techniques for quantifying and coding data. Additionally, it covers data entry methods and provides examples of data representation and correlation analysis.

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Makwarela Ndamulelo
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2 views

Quantitative Data Analysis

The document discusses quantitative data analysis, emphasizing the conversion of data into numerical forms for statistical analysis. It outlines the planning process for data collection, types of data, and techniques for quantifying and coding data. Additionally, it covers data entry methods and provides examples of data representation and correlation analysis.

Uploaded by

Makwarela Ndamulelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUANTITATIVE DATA

ANALAYSIS
DR BK MAJOLA
Introduction
• Quantitative data analysis involves the technique by which
researchers convert data to numerical forms and subject them
to statistical analysis.
• Involves techniques.
• Involve task of converting data into knowledge.
• Analysis comes at the end after all the data are collected.
• Data have their own meaning
Planning for Analysis
Data
• Data are a bunch of values of one or more variables.
• A variable is something that has different values.
• Values can be numbers or names, depending on the variable:
 Numeric e.g. weight
 Counting e.g. number of injuries
 Ordinal e.g. competitive level (values are numbers/names)
 Nominal e.g. sex (values are names)

• When values are names, visualise the frequency of each value


with a pie chart or just a list of values and frequency.
Planning for Analysis
• A sound research plan successfully matches these elements
with the proper techniques

• Collect the type of data that is most appropriate to answering


your question and fits the other parameters of your project
(budget, personnel, etc.)
Type of Data and Formatting
Technique
• Quantitative Data
 Must “quantify” the data
 Convert (“data reduce”) from collection format into numeric
database

• Qualitative Data
 Must process the data (type/enter/describe)
 Convert from audio/video to text

• Combination/Mixed
 Process each element as appropriate
Type of Data and Analysis
• Quantitative Data
 Counts, frequencies, tallies
 Statistical analyses (as appropriate)

• Qualitative Data
 Coding
 Patterns, themes, theory building

• Combination/Mixed
 Process each element as appropriate
Quantifying Data
• Before we can do any kind of analysis, we need to quantify our
data

• “Quantification” is the process of converting data to a numeric


format
 Convert social science data into a “machine-readable” form, a form
that can be read and manipulated by computer programs
Quantifying Data
Some transformations are simple:
• Assign numeric representations to nominal or ordinal
variables:
 Turning male into “1” and female into “2”
 Assigning “3” to Very Interested, “2” to Somewhat Interested, “1” to
Not Interested

• Assign numeric values to continuous variables:


 Turning born in 1973 to “35”
 Number of children = “02”
Coding Quantitative Data
• Goal – reduce a wide variety of information to a more limited
set of variable attributes:

 “What is your occupation?”


 Use pre-established scheme: Professional, Managerial, Clerical, Semi-
skilled, etc.
 Create a scheme after reviewing the data
 Assign value to each category in the scheme: Professional = 1, Managerial
= 2, etc.
 Classify the response: “Secretary” is “clerical” and is coded as “3”
Coding Quantitative Data
• Points to remember:
 If the data are coded to maintain a good amount of detail, they can
always be combined (reduced) later.

 However, if you start off with too little detail, you cannot get it back.

 If you are using a survey /questionnaire, it is a good idea to do your


coding on the form so that it can be entered properly (i.e. create a
“codebook”)
Entering Data
• Descriptive Statistics
 Data representation
 Frequency distributions and tables
 Graphical representation of data
 Graphs:
 Frequency histogram
 Frequency polygon
 Charts:
 Simple bar chart
 Multiple bar chart
 Pie chart
 Pictogram
Entering Data
• Data entry specialists enter the data into an SPSS
data matrix, Excel spreadsheet,
 Typically, work off a coded questionnaire

• In Excel or Access :
 Format tables with proper variable columns
 Enter data for each case

• In SPSS
 Import a file and name variables/column headings
 Or, create variables/column headings and enter each case
Very large effect: Trivial effect:
females
females
males
males

strength strength
Correlations between Intention to
Leave or Stay and WLB Programme
Intention to leave or stay
Pearson's Correlations
Work Frustration/ Possibility of Taking
Job Searching Drive
Dissatisfaction the Risk to Leave
Correlation

Work Frustration/ Dissatisfaction p-value -


N
Correlation
0.523**
Job Searching Drive p-value
0.000
N 108
Correlation
-0.328** -0.124
Possibility of Taking the Risk to p-value
Leave 0.001 0.197
N 109 109
Correlation -0.454 **
-0.269** 0.241*
p-value <0.001 0.005 0.013
Work-Life Balance
N
105 105 106
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Examples
Figure 5.2: Description of Respondents by Home Language

It can be seen from Figure 5.2 that the majority of respondents speak isiZulu as a home
language at fifty two (52). Zulu speaking people are based in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal
where most of the respondents came from. All respondents (26) from uMzimvubu Local
Municpality spoke isiXhosa. It must be noted that some of the respondents speak English as a
home language and are Whites, Coloureds and Indians at twenty one (21).
QUESTIONS/COMMENTS
THANK YOU

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