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Postulate and Theorems

The document outlines the foundational concepts of a mathematical system, including undefined terms, axioms, postulates, and theorems. It provides specific postulates related to points, lines, and planes, as well as theorems regarding intersections and congruence of triangles. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to apply these concepts in geometric contexts.

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Shera Desades
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16 views31 pages

Postulate and Theorems

The document outlines the foundational concepts of a mathematical system, including undefined terms, axioms, postulates, and theorems. It provides specific postulates related to points, lines, and planes, as well as theorems regarding intersections and congruence of triangles. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to apply these concepts in geometric contexts.

Uploaded by

Shera Desades
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICAL

SYSTEM
UNDEFINED AXIOMS/
TERMS POSTULATES

DEFINED THEOREMS
TERMS
MATHEMATICAL
AXIOMS/ SYSTEM THEOREMS
POSTULATE

A statement that is A statement that


assumed to be true follows logically
and accepted from previous
without proof. definitions and
principles; a
statement that can
be proven to be
true.
MATHEMATICAL
AXIOMS/ SYSTEM THEOREMS
POSTULATE
Postulate 1 Postulate 4 Theorem 1
Postulate 2 Postulate 5 Theorem 2
Postulate 3 Postulate 6 Theorem 3
AXIOMS/
POSTULATES
Postulate 1: A line contains at least two points.

•
A •
B
A line contains at least
two points.

Postulate 2: A plane contains at least three non-


collinear points.

•A D Through points A, B and C, there


is exactly one plane (plane D).
Plane D contains at least three
•B •C non-collinear points.
AXIOMS/
POSTULATES
Postulate 3: Through any two points, there is exactly
one line. d
•
A •
B
Two points determine a line.

Postulate 4: Through any non-collinear points,


there is exactly one plane.

•A D Through points A, B and, C there


is exactly one plane, plane D.

•B •C
AXIOMS/
POSTULATES
Postulate 5: If two points lie in the plane, then the
line joining them lies in that plane.

C
AB lies in plane C.

B
•
•
A
AXIOMS/
POSTULATES
Postulate 6: If two planes intersect, then their
intersection is a line.

Plane P and R intersects at l.


The intersection of two planes is
a LINE.
THEOREMS
Theorems 1: If two different lines intersect, then
they intersect at exactly one point.

b
a E Line a intersects line b at
• point E. Point E is the point of
intersection.
THEOREMS
Theorems 2: If a point lies outside a line, then
exactly one plane contains both the line and the
point.
H
B
A • Plane H contains AB and
• • D
point D.
THEOREMS
Theorems 3: If two distinct (different) lines
intersect, then exactly one plane contains both
lines.

a H
b The intersection of
E
• line a and b contains
in plane H.
State the postulate or theorem you would use to justify the statement
made about each figure.

1. One plane contain A, B and C. 2. Only one line contains points


• B Q and T.

•A •C •T
•Q
Answer: Through any three non- Answer: Through any two point,
collinear points, there is exactly there is exactly one line.
one plane. (Postulate 4). (Postulate 3).
State the postulate or theorem you would use to justify the statement
made about each figure.

3. Line KL lies in plane P. 4. Plane P and plane R intersect


along line l.
P
•
•
K
L •
•
Answer: If two points lie in the
plane, then the line joining them Answer: If two planes intersect,
lies in that plane. (Postulate 5). then their intersection is a line.
(Postulate 6).
State the postulate or theorem you would use to justify the statement
made about each figure.

5. There is another point besides 6. One plane contains lines


point A and d. m and n.
m
d
•
A •
n
E
Answer: A line contains at least
two points. (Postulate 1). Answer: If two lines intersect,
then exactly one plane contains
both lines. (Theorem 3).
State the postulate or theorem you would use to justify the statement
made about each figure.

7. One plane contains line AB 8. Lines s and t intersect at M at


and D. no other point.
C s
B
D
A • •
t
• •D
Answer: If a point lies outside a Answer: If two lines intersect,
line, then exactly one plane then they intersect in exactly
contains both the line and the one point. (Theorem 1).
point. (Theorem 2).
Triangle
Congruence
Triangle
Congruence
- is the rules or methods used to prove if
two triangles are congruent (≅), Two
triangles are said to be congruent if and
only if one of them can be made to
superpose on the other so as to cover it
exactly.
Illustrating Triangle
Congruence
Definition of Congruent
Triangles
Two triangles are said to be congruent (≅) if their
vertices can be paired so that corresponding sides
are congruent and corresponding angles are
congruent.

If they have the same size and shape; and when


all corresponding sides and interior angles are
congruent then the two triangles are said to be
congruent.
Definition of Correspondence

Pairing the parts of one group to the


parts of another group is called
correspondence. Correspondence uses the
notation “↔”.
Corresponding Congruent
Parts

Corresponding Corresponding
Angles∠𝐶 ↔ Sides
∠D
∠A ↔
∠O
∠T ↔ ∠G
Corresponding Congruent
𝛥𝐶𝐴𝑇 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝑂𝐺. Write down the pairs of congruent
Parts
parts.

Congruent Angles Congruent


∠𝐶 ≅ ∠D Sides ≅
∠A ≅ ∠O
∠T ≅ ∠G
≅
≅
Given that the two triangles below are
congruent, list the pairs of congruent angles
and congruent sides and then name the
congruent triangles.

Solution:
Congruent Congruent
∠A ≅ ∠O Sides
∠P ≅ ∠N
Angles

∠PSA ≅ ∠NSO
Consider 𝛥𝐹𝐴𝐸 ≅ 𝛥𝑇𝐸𝐴. List down the
pairs of congruent angles and congruent
sides.

Solution:
Corresponding Corresponding
Angles Sides
Consider 𝛥CRY ≅ 𝛥SOB. List down the pairs
of congruent angles and congruent sides.
S

O B

Congruent Angles Congruent Sides


Consider 𝛥TOY ≅ 𝛥CAR. List down the pairs
of congruent sides.

Corresponding
Sides
Consider 𝛥𝐹𝐴𝐸 ≅ 𝛥𝑇𝐸𝐴. List down the
pairs of congruent angles and congruent
sides.

Solution:
Corresponding Corresponding
Angles Sides
GREAT JOB!
Thank you for your hard work!
State the postulate or theorem you would use to justify the statement
made about each figure.

1. In a right angles triangle: the s

8. Lines s and t intersect at M at


no other point.

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