INTERNET OF THINGS

BASED AGRICULTURE
INTERNET OF THINGS
BASED AGRICULTURE

Amal George
Roll no:10
EEE
Guide: Mrs. Supadma R 1
Contents
1) Introduction
2) What is IOT
3) Layers of IOT
4) Application of IOT in agriculture
5) IOT enabled crop monitoring
6) Smart Sensors
7) Actuators
8) IOT architecture in agriculture
9) Farm Management softwares
10) Challenges
11) Conclusion
12) References
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Introduction
• Agricultural field played a substantial role in advancement of human
civilization.
• However this sector is least advanced sector in India.
• We need to implement ways to adopt to the changing conditions in
this field
• This seminar focuses on implementation of IOT in the field of
agriculture, it’s importance, challenges.

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What is Internet of Things?

• Connecting Things to Things

The Internet of Things (IoT)

describes the
network of physical objects
—“things”—that are embedded
with sensors, software, and other
technologies for the purpose of
connecting and exchanging data
with other devices and systems 4
LAYERS OF IOT

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Internet of Things & Agriculture

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Why IOT?
Iot offers:

• Realtime Surveillance
• Reduces human intervention
• Helps in decision making scientifically
• Give recommendation, alerts, notifications to farmers at appropriate times
• Precision farming
• Weather prediction
• Cost reduction

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 Iot Enabled Crop Monitoring
• Enables precise monitoring of
plant health and growth
• Sensors are placed in field to
gather information

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Flow Chart of Data
Eg: Temperature sensor,
Humidity sensors, LDR,
DHT11, Camera

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Smart Sensors
Smart sensors are devices capable of inter-device communication,
along with automated data processing network.

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Acoustic based Sensors
• Highly sensitive microphone employed sensors
• Senses vibration or sounds made by insects, animals
• Data gathered transferred to Global databases can be
analyzed by researchers.

Electromagnetic
•Sensors
Detects wide spectrum of EM waves from various
objects
• Helps in mapping of topology, soil water content,
organic & inorganic content
• EMI and Ground Penetration Radar techniques
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Electrochemical Sensors
• Lightweight, ecofriendly sensors
• Monitors plant growth, diseases & emnivornmental
pollution
• Eg: NO2 sensors based on silver and graphene oxide

LIDAR
• Light based distance measurement and mapping
• Cloud point
• Used to detect fruit growth, vegetation structure,
tree structural characteristics
• Perform localization, maping & navigation for
autonomous robots 12
 Optical Sensors
• Detects lights of various wavelengths
• Used to measure Normalized difference vegetation

• Greater the NDVI, more greener and healthier vegetation

• Eg: SPAD, Greenseeker

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Mechanical Sensors
• Used to measure soil compaction
• Has a mechanism that penetrates through soil and records the force
measured by force sensors or strain guage
• Mounted on tractors
• Eg: Honeywell FSG15NIA

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Actuators
• Solenoid Valves
Controls water flow in irrigation systems based on sensor data.
• Electric Motor
Drives machinery for tasks like automated plowing, seeding,Harvesting.
• Pumps
Adjust water pressure in irrigation systems based on sensor inputs
• Linear Actuators
Control movement of various components such as greenhouse vents,
Shades, Lifting or lowering devices, solar pannel shifting etc.
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Actuators
• Sprinkler Heads
Adjust the direction and intensity of water distribution in response to
emnivornmental conditions
• Fogging System
Regulate Humidity levels in greenhouses for optimal crop growth
• Electric Fertilizer Dispensor
Precise dispensing of fertilizers or nutrients based on sensor data
optimizing crop health

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IOT architecture in Agriculture

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Wireless Sensor Networks
• Network of Large number of sensors and actuators nodes
• It has a base station that act as a processing unit
• Consists of Sensors, radio nodes, Routers, evaluation software
• 6LoWPAN base WSN

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Gate Ways
• Serve as connection between cloud and iot devices
• Preprocess the data
• Supports different protocols used by IOT devices
• Convert input data into standard protocols

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WiLD Network
• Wifi based Long Range network
• Used to connect rural areas situated far away from point of internet
connectivity
• Connectivity range of 50-100 km
• Low cost connectivity
• Consist of P2P wireless Links arranged in multi-Hop manner
• Follows TDMA based MAC protocol

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Cloud
• A cloud in IoT provides autonomous and on-demand access to a shared list of computing
resources kept in the storage server.
• It serve as the processing Layer

It provides following services:

• Data storage, processing and visualization
• Provide appropriate API s.
• Supporting a huge number of devices to communicate.
• Available anytime for computation.
• Provisioning security and privacy to data.
• Helps in analytic report generation.
• Low cost
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Farm Management Softwares
• These are applications that directly interacts with farmers
• Helps farmers to manage their operations efficiently
• Provide Live visualization of Farm data
• Helps farmers to give commands to actuators
• Personalise crop schedule
• Inventory management
• Financial management
• Market analysis
• Weather data integration
• Field mapping and precision agriculture
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Challenges in Adoption of IOT in
Agriculture
• High Capital Investment Cost
• Lack of security
• Lack of interoperability
• Network Challenges
• Energy Efficiency
• Scalability
• Lack of Legislation
• Trust
• Decentralization
• Ease of use
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Conclusion
• IoT offers potential benefits such as automated systems, bio control,
Ecological feedback, energy management, and dematerialization.
• It facilitates information between objects at different locations which
are interconnected and has enormous applications in Agriculture
• As we move towards more sustainable future, IOT could play a crucial
role in making agricultural field more productive and profitable.

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References
• IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 5, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2020
• International Journal of Scientific & Technology research volume 8,
issue 12, December 2021
• 4th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design &
Implementation
• Design and Implementation of a Cloud-based IoT Scheme for
Precision Agriculture

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THANK YOU

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