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Math 1 Topic-1 & 2

The document defines relations and functions, explaining that a relation is a set of ordered pairs while a function is a specific type of relation where each first element corresponds to exactly one second element. It provides examples of both concepts, along with methods to determine domains and ranges, evaluate functions, and identify piece-wise functions. Additionally, it includes examples of evaluating functions at specific points and determining if equations represent functions or relations.

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24 views16 pages

Math 1 Topic-1 & 2

The document defines relations and functions, explaining that a relation is a set of ordered pairs while a function is a specific type of relation where each first element corresponds to exactly one second element. It provides examples of both concepts, along with methods to determine domains and ranges, evaluate functions, and identify piece-wise functions. Additionally, it includes examples of evaluating functions at specific points and determining if equations represent functions or relations.

Uploaded by

jeaynvelz2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions and Relations

Definition 1: A relation is any set of ordered


pairs.

Example 1 : G = { ( 2, 1 ),( 3, 0 ),( -1 ,4 ),( 5, -


1 )}
 The set of all first elements(x-component) is called
the domain
• The set of all second elements(y-component) is
called the range

Example 2 : K = { ( a, b ) , ( 1, 0 ) , ( a , z ) , ( 3 ,-2 ) }
What is the domain of K?
answer: domain = { a , 1 , 3}

What is the range of K?


answer: range = { b , 0 , z , -2 }
Definition 2: A function is a relation or a set of
ordered pairs in which for every first element
there corresponds exactly one and only one
second element. Otherwise, it is simply a relation.

Example 3 : T = { ( 1, 2 ),( 2, 3 ) ,( 6 , 3 ) ,( -1 , 1 ) }
Tip : NO two ordered pairs have the same first
element
Which of the following set of ordered pairs is a
function and which one is a relation.
W={(2,-1) , (-1, 2 ), ( 3,4), ( 4, 3), ( -2,1)}
function
F = {(1,0), ( -2, -2 ), ( 0, 0), (1, 4) , (2, -2 )}
relation
H = {(Mar, Ann) , ( Bob, Rea), ( Mar, Emz),
( Lex, Gee)}
relation
S = {(B,D),( F,R),(Q,L ), (K,R)}
function
Determining Whether an Equation
is a Function or a Relation

Like the ordered pairs, to determine if an


equation is a function , it must not contain
same value of x with different values of y.

Example. Which of the following equations is a


function and which is a relation?

1) 2x + y = 3 2) y2 - x2 =
16
Solution. Here ,we assign values to x and solve for y

• 2x
y2 -+xy2 ==316
yy=2 3=-16
2x + x2
x y
x 0 y3
3 -1 +5 5 , -5
0 2 -1 +4 , -4
-1 +√17 , -√17
Here,we
Here, weget 2 values
get uniqueofvalue
y for every value of x
of y for every
Hence, value of xiswe
this equation a relation.
assign. Hence, this
equation is a function
• 2x
y2 -+xy2 = 316
y2==316-2x
+ x2

when
whenx =x =-1
3, y2, =y=?16 + 32
y = 3 - 2(-= 16+9 =25
1) y = + 5 , -5
x=0 , y2 = 16 -0y =32
= +2
16
=5 y = +4 , - 4
• Example 1: Identify the domain and
the range of f(x) = 5x – 4
Solution:
assume f(x) as y . That is,

f(x) = 5x - 4
y = 5x - 4
• assign different values to x then solve for y.
That is

if x = 2 then y = 5(2) - 4 = 6
if x = 0 then y = 5(0) - 4 = -4
if x = -1 then y = 5(-1) - 4 = -9
if x = 1/5 then y = 5(1/5) - 4 = -
3

Domain: All real numbers


Range : All real numbers
Evaluating a Function
Example 1.Evaluate the function f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 1
at a) f( 0 ) b) f(-2) c) f( ½ ) d) f ( a)

Solution:

a) f(0) = 2(0)2+3(0)-1 b) f(-2) = 2(-


2)2+3(-2) -1
= -1
= 8 -6-1 = 1

c) f( ½ )=2( ½)2+3( ½)-1 d)f(a) = 2(a)2+3(a)-1


= 1/2 +3/2 -1
2
Example 2. Evaluate f(x) = x2 - 3x + 5
at a) f (1) b) f ( -2 ) c) f (4)
solution:
a) f(1) = 12 - 3(1) + 5 = 1 - 3 + 5 = -2 + 5 = 3

b) f(-2) = (-2)2 - 3(-2) + 5 = 4 +6 +5 = 15

c) f(4) = 42 - 3(4) + 5 = 16 -12 + 5 = 4 + 5 = 9


Piece-wise functions
A piece -wise function is a function defined
by more than one sub-functions where each
sub-function has a particular domain.
Example.
4+x if x <
-1
f(x) =
|x -2| if x ≥ -1
Example 1
4+x if x
< -1
f(x) =
|x -2| if x ≥ -
1

Evaluate the above piece -wise function at


a) f(-2) b) f (0) c) (-1)
solution:
a) f(-2) = 4 + x
= 4 + ( -2 ) = 4 - 2 = 2

b) f(0) = | x - 2|
= | 0 - 2| = |-2 | = 2

c) f(-1) = |x - 2 |
= |- 1 - 2 | = | -3 | = 3
Example 2.
x-1 , x>2
f(x) =
2 – x2 , x≤ 2

Evaluate the above piece-wise function at


a)f(5) and b) f(2) c) f ( 3)
Solution:
a) f(x) = x – 1 b) f(x ) = 2 – x2
f(5) = 5 – 1 f(2) = 2 - 22
= 4
= 2 - 4 = -2

c) f(x) = x - 1
f(3) = 3 - 1
= 2

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