Scribd
Upload
7 views15 pages

Math Logic Semi Final Toics

The document provides an overview of logic, defining it as the science and art of correct thinking, with Aristotle recognized as its father. It explains propositions, logical connectives, and their symbolic representations, including conjunctions, disjunctions, negations, conditionals, and biconditionals, along with truth tables for each. Examples illustrate the application of these concepts in determining truth values of various statements.

Uploaded by

allan babad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views15 pages

Math Logic Semi Final Toics

The document provides an overview of logic, defining it as the science and art of correct thinking, with Aristotle recognized as its father. It explains propositions, logical connectives, and their symbolic representations, including conjunctions, disjunctions, negations, conditionals, and biconditionals, along with truth tables for each. Examples illustrate the application of these concepts in determining truth values of various statements.

Uploaded by

allan babad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Logic:

> is the science and art of correct


thinking.

Aristotle: is generally regarded as the


father of Logic. ( 382 – 322 BC)

PROPOSITION: or (Statement)
- Is a declarative sentence which is either
true or false, but not both.
Operations on Propositions
• The main logical connectives
such as conjunctions,
disjunctions, negation,
conditional and biconditional.
• George Boole in 1849 was appointed
as chairperson of mathematics at
Queens College in Cork, Ireland.
Boole used symbols p, q and
symbols ʌ , v , ~ , , ,
to represent connectives.
• Logic connectives and symbols:
• Statement connective symbolic form Type of statement

• Not p not ~p negation


• p and q and p ʌq conjunction
• p or q or pVq disjunction
• If p , then q if … then p q conditional
• P if and only if q if and only if p q biconditional
• Conjunction. The conjunction of the proposition
p and q is the compound proposition.
Symbolically p ^ q.
Truth table
p q p^q

T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F
TRUTH VALUE & TRUTH TABLES
• Truth Value of a simple statement is either
true ( T) or false (F).
• Truth Table is a table that shows the truth
value of a compound statement for all
possible truth values of its simple statement.
EXAMPLES:
1. 2 + 3 = 5 and 3 x 2 = 6.

2. 6 x 7 = 42 and 3 x 6 = 19.

3. 2 x5 = 11 and 8 x 8 = 64.

4. 4 x 5 = 21 and 5 x 5 = 26.
• Disjunction. p or q symbolically p v q.
truth table
p q pvq
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
Examples:
1. 3 or 5 are prime numbers.

2. 2 x 5 = 10 or 2 x 6 = 13.

3. 3 x5 = 16 or 4 x 6 = 24.

4. 20 x 2 = 30 or 10 x 4 = 50.
• Negation. The negation of the proposition p is
denoted by ~ p.
• Truth table

p ~p

T F

F T
• Examples:
Peter is a boy. ( p) true
• Peter is not a boy. ( ~ p ) false

Dog is a cat. ( p) false


Dog is not a cat. ( ~ p) true
• Conditional. The conditional of the proposition p
and q is the compound proposition if p then q.
p q.
truth table
p q p q

T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Examples:
1. IF VENIGAR IS SOUR , THEN SUGAR IS SWEET.

2. IF 2 + 5 = 7 , THEN 5 + 6 = 12

3. IF 14 – 8 = 10, THEN 20 / 2 = 10

4. IF 2 X 5 = 8 , THEN 40 / 4 = 20
BICONDTIONAL . The biconditional of the
proposition p and q is the compound
proposition p if and only if q. Symbolically
p q.
truth table
p q p q

T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Examples:
1. 3 is an odd number if and only if 4 is an even
number.

2. 10 is divisible by 2 if and only if 15 is divisible


by 2.

3. 8 is a prime number if and only if 2 x 4 = 8.

4. 8 – 2 = 5 if and only if 4 + 2 = 7.

You might also like