PRONUNCIATION 2

COURSE DESCRIPTION
Credits: 02
Periods: 30
Materials: Ship or Sheep (3rd edition, Ann Baker, 2006)
Aims: English consonants
Teacher: Ms. Nguyễn Thị Hồng Gấm
What is a consonant sound?
Consonants are made with air stream that meets an
obstruction in the mouth or nasal cavities. That is
why in the production of consonant sounds there is a
certain degree of noise.
Articulators include:
- Lower Lip
- Upper Teeth
- Tongue
Consonant sounds
(24 sounds)
1
9
5
24 Consonant sounds
• 2 kinds:
- Voiced: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /w/, /r/, /l/,
/m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /dʒ/, /j/, /ʒ/, /ð/

- Unvoiced/ Voiceless: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/,

/ʃ/, /θ /, /h/,/tʃ/
Unit 23: /p/ Pen
• This is unvoiced sound.
• To make the louder sound /p/ at the beginning of a word, first close
your lips hard. Then push air forward in your mouth. Then quickly
open your lips to release the air suddenly.
1a. /p/

1b. /p/

1c. Up – top – help – helps – help me

Listen & practice
• The sound /p/ is written with letters:
- ‘p’: paper, stop
- ‘pp’: happy, shopping
Unit 24: /b/ Baby
• The sound /b/ is pronounced slightly like the sound /p/. But /b/ is
voiced sound!!!
1a. /p/

1b. /b/

1c. /p/ - /b/

1d. Job - jobs - cab - cabs -

verb - verbs
Listen & practice
• The sound /b/ is written with letters:
- ‘b’: cab, pub
Unit 25: /t/ Table
• To make the target sound /t/, first put your tongue behind your top
that. Then push air forward inside your mouth. Then quickly move
the tip of your tongue away from your teeth to release the air
suddenly. Don’t use your voice.
1a. /t/

1b. What – forget – doesn’t -

breakfast – minute –
minutes –
it’s exactly
Listen & practice
• The sound /t/ is written with letters:
- ‘t’: sit
- ‘tt’: sitting
- ‘th’: Thai
Unit 26: /d/ Door
• The sound /d/ is pronounced slightly similar the sound /t/. But this is
voiced sound.
1a. /t/

1b. /d/

1c. /t/ - /d/

1d. good – food - goodbye -

friend –
child – bird - birds
Listen & practice
The sound /d/ is written with letters:
- ‘d’: day
- ‘dd’: midday
Unit 27: /k/ Key
• Make the target sound /k/, first touch the back of the roof of your
mouth with the back of your tongue. Then push air forward behind
your tongue. Then quickly move your tongue away to release the air
suddenly. Don’t use your voice.
1a. /k/

1b. make – music - look -

book –
like – likes
Listen & practice
• The sound /k/ is written with letters:
- ‘k’: ask
- ‘ke’: like, make, cake
- ‘ck’: back, kick, knock, lock
- ‘c’: can, could
- ‘qu’: question
- ‘sch’: school
Unit 28: /g/ Girl
• The sound /g/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /k/. But /g/
is voiced.
1a. /k/

1b. /g/

1c. /k/ - /g/

1d. big – bag - fig - figs –

egg – eggs -
example – nutmeg
Listen & practice
• The sound /g/ is written with letters:
- ‘g’: big
- ‘gg’: bigger
Unit 30: /s/ Sun
• To make the target sound /s/, touch your top teeth with the sides of
your tongue. Put the tip of your tongue forward to nearly touch the
roof of your mouth. Don’t use your voice!!!
/s/
Listen & practice
• The sound /s/ is written with letters:
• - ‘s’: bus
• - ‘ss’: boss, gross
• - ‘x’: box, fox, fix
• - ‘ce’: price, advice, dice
Unit 31: /z/ Zoo
• The sound /z/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /s/. But /z/
is voiced!!!
1a. /s/

1b. /z/

1c. /s/ - /z/

Listen & practice
• The sound /z/ is written with letters:
- ‘z’: zoo
- ‘s’: dogs
- ‘x’: exam
Unit 32: /ʃ/ Shoes
• The sound /ʃ/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /s/. But put
the tip of your tongue back a little to make the target sound /ʃ/!!!
1a. /s/

1b. /ʃ/

1c. /s/ - /ʃ/

Listen & practice
• The sound /ʃ/ is written with letters:
• - ‘sh’: shop, wish, wash
• - ‘ch’: champagne
Unit 33: /ʒ/ Television
• The sound /ʒ/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /ʃ/. But /ʒ/
is voiced!!!
1a. /ʃ/

1b. /ʒ/

1c. /ʃ/ - /ʒ/

Listen & practice
• The sound /ʒ/ is written with letters:
- ‘s’: usual, decision, television
- ‘g’: garage
 Unit 34: /tʃ/ chip
• To make the target sound /tʃ/, begin to make /t/. Then slowly move
your tongue from the roof of your mouth. Don’t use your voice!!!
1a. /t/ - /ʃ/

1b. /tʃ/
Listen & practice
• The sound /tʃ/ is written with letters:
• - ‘ch’: church
• - ‘t’: question
Unit 35: /dʒ/ January
• The sound /dʒ/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /tʃ/. But
/dʒ/ is voiced!!!
1a. /tʃ/

1b. /dʒ/

1c. /tʃ/ - /dʒ/

– /dʒ/ is a lenis voiced affricative consonant.
Between vowels, /dʒ/ is normally voiced, in
final position it is very weak and short. It
lengthens the vowel before it.

– /tʃ/ is a fortis voiceless affricative consonant.

Between vowels it is still voiceless, in final
position it is strong and voiceless and it
shortens the vowel before it.
Listen & practice
• The sound /dʒ/ is written with letters:
- ‘j’: joke, judge, just
- ‘ge’: age, manage
- ‘dge’: edge, bridge, judge
Unit 37: /f/ Fan
• To make the target sound /f/, touch your top teeth with your bottom
lip. Blow out air between your lip and your teeth. Don’t use your
voice!!!
/f/
Listen & practice
Listen & practice
• The sound /f/ is written with letters:
- ‘f’: fun, find
- ‘ph’: photo, phone, physics
- ‘fe’: knife, wife
Unit 38: /v/ Van
• The sound /v/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /f/. But /v/
is voiced!!!
1a. /f/

1b. /v/

1c. /f/ - /v/

Listen & practice
Listen & practice
• The sound /v/ is written with letters:
- ‘v’: van, vine
- ‘ve’: have, love
- ‘f’: of
Unit 39: /w/ Window
• To make the target sound /w/, make your lips round and hard. /w/ is
voiced!!!
1a. /v/

1b. /w/

1c. /v/ - /w/

Listen & practice
• The sound /w/ is written with letters:
- ‘w’: well, wine, wife
- ‘wh’: what, why, when
- ‘qu’: quick
- ‘o’: one, once
Unit 40: /j/ Yellow
• To make the target sound /j/, begin to make the sound /i:/, but very
quickly move your tongue to make the next sound. DO not touch the
roof of your mouth with the tongue!!!
1a. /i:/

1b. /j/

1c. /dʒ/ - /j/

Listen & practice
• The sound /j/ is written with letters:
- ‘y’: yellow, yes, young
- ‘u’: student
- ‘ew’: new
Unit 41: /h/ Hat
• To make the target sound /h/, push a lot of air out very quickly. DO
not touch the roof of your mouth with your tongue!!!
/h/
Listen and practice
• The sound /h/ is written with letters:
- ‘h’: hill, how, house
- ‘wh’: who
Unit 42: /θ/ Thin
• To make the target sound /θ/, put your tongue between your teeth
and your top teeth. Do not use your voice!!!
/θ/
Listen & practice
Listen & practice
Listen & practice
• The sound /θ/ is written with letters:
- ‘th’: think, thank, throw,…
Unit 43: /ð/ The Feather
• The sound /ð/ is pronounced slightly similar to the sound /θ/.But /ð/
is voiced!!!
1a. /θ/

1b. /ð/

1c. /θ/ - /ð/

Listen & practice
Listen & practice
• The sound /ð/ is written with letters:
- ‘th’: the, this, they, those, this, that,…
 Unit 45: /m/ Mouth
• To make the target sound/m/, close your lips. Use your voice. /m/ comes through
your nose!!!
/m/
Listen & practice
• The sound /m/ is written with letters:
- ‘m’: make, my, mouse,…
- ‘mm’: summer,…
- ‘mn’: autumn,…
- ‘me’: time, mime,…
Unit 46: /n/ Nose
• To make the target sound /n/, don’t close your lips. Put your tongue
on the roof of your mouth. Touch your side teeth with the sides of
your tongue. Use your voice. /n/ comes throught your nose!!!
/n/
Listen & practice
• The sound /n/ is written with letters:
- ‘n’: no, now,…
- ‘kn’: know, knee,…
- ‘nn’: funny, sunny,…
- ‘ne’: phone, nine, mine,…
Unit 47: /ŋ/ Ring
• To make the sound /ŋ/, touch the back of the roof of your mouth
with the back of your tongue. Use your voice, /ŋ/ comes through
your nose!!!
/ŋ/
Listen & practice
Listen & practice
• The sound /ŋ/ is written with letters:
- ‘ng’: sing, wing,…
- ‘n’: drink,…
Unit 48: /l/ Letter
• To make the target sound /l/, let the air goes over the sides of your
tongue and out of your mouth!!!
1a. /n/

1b. /l/

1c. /n/ - /l/

Listen & practice
• The sound /l/ is written with letters:
- ‘l’: like, love,…
- ‘ll’: all, full, fall,…
Unit 49: /r/ Rain
• To make the target sound /r/, turn the tip of your tongue up as in the
picture. Do not touch the roof of your mouth with your tongue. The
sides of your tongue should touch your top back teeth!!!
/r/
Listen & practice
• The sound /r/ is written with letters:
- ‘r’: red, rose, rich,…
- ‘rr’: tomorrow,…
- ‘wr’: write,…