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Group-1 Congestion Control

The document discusses congestion control in computer networks, defining congestion as excessive data transmission that slows down the network. It outlines open-loop and closed-loop control mechanisms, including techniques like Traffic Shaping and Choke Packets, to manage data flow and prevent network overload. The importance of congestion control is emphasized for maintaining network stability, reducing latency, and enhancing user experience.

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16 views16 pages

Group-1 Congestion Control

The document discusses congestion control in computer networks, defining congestion as excessive data transmission that slows down the network. It outlines open-loop and closed-loop control mechanisms, including techniques like Traffic Shaping and Choke Packets, to manage data flow and prevent network overload. The importance of congestion control is emphasized for maintaining network stability, reducing latency, and enhancing user experience.

Uploaded by

maria.cse8.bu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Congestion

Control in
Computer
Networks

1
Presented By
1.Sauda Tus
Sahadia
2.Shantanu Mandal
3.Md Azom Uddin
4.Abu Sayed
Abdullah
5.Maria Islam
2
What is Congestion?

• Too much data being sent at


once, slowing down the network.
• Similar to traffic congestion on
roads.
What is Congestion Introducti
control?
on
• a crucial concept in computer
networks
• A methods used to prevent
network overload
• ensure smooth data flow

3
Improved Network Stability: Prevents network
failures.

Effects Reduced Latency & Packet Loss: Ensures smooth


and fast data transfer.

of Enhanced Throughput: Optimizes network


Congesti resource usage.

on Fair Resource Allocation: Ensures equal


bandwidth distribution.
Control
Better User Experience: Faster browsing,
seamless applications.

Prevention of Network Collapse: Avoids severe


slowdowns due to congestion.

4
Mechanis
ms

Congestio
n Control
Closed-
Open-Loop
Loop
Control
Control

5
Open-Loop Congestion Control (Prevention)

Goal
Prevent congestion by controlling data flow at the source.

Characteristics:
1.No feedback mechanism.
2.Static policies control data transmission.
3.Works best in predictable network conditions

Example techniques:
• Traffic Shaping (Leaky Bucket, Token Bucket)
• Resource Reservation
• Admission Control
• Packet Scheduling
6
Traffic Shaping
Techniques (for
Open-Loop Control)
Leaky Bucket
Algorithm:
• Packets are sent at a fixed
rate.
• Prevents bursts but may
cause delays.
Token Bucket
Algorithm:
• Allows bursts but limits
overall traffic rate.
• More flexible than Leaky
Bucket.
7
Leaky
Bucket
Algorithm
Concept
• Controls traffic flow at a constant rate.
Example
• A bucket leaks at a steady rate; excess
water (data) spills.
Steps
1.Packets enter a finite-size bucket.
2.Packets are transmitted at a fixed rate.
3.Burst traffic is converted into steady
traffic.
Disadvantages:
Inefficient use of bandwidth.
8
Token Bucket
Algorithm
Concept
• Allows burst traffic while
maintaining overall control.
Steps
1.Tokens are generated
periodically in a bucket.
2.Packets consume tokens
before being sent.
3.If no tokens, packets must
wait.
Advantages
• Flexible & prevents packet
loss.
9
Closed-Loop Congestion Control (Reaction)

Characteristi Example
Goal:
cs: techniques:

Detect and respond Uses feedback from Backpressure


to congestion the network. Choke Packets
dynamically. Dynamically adjusts Explicit Congestion
transmission rates. Notification (ECN)
Works best in TCP Congestion
dynamic, changing Control
conditions.

10
Definition: Special control packets sent by a
router to notify a sender of congestion.
How It Works:
1. Router detects congestion.
2. Sends a choke packet to the sender.
Choke 3. Sender reduces transmission rate.

Packets 4. If congestion persists, more choke packets


are sent.
Key Benefit: Quickly prevents overload without
dropping packets.
11
Open-Loop vs. Closed-
Loop Comparison

12
Stable Network Operations

Advantages Reduced Delays & Data Loss


of
Congestion
Control Efficient Resource Utilization

Scalability & Adaptability

13
Disadvanta Complexity
in
Implementat
Overhead on
Network
ges of ion
Resources

Congestion
Control
Challenges
Sensitivity
in Fair
to Network
Resource
Conditions
Allocation

14
Congestion control is
essential for network
performance.

Conclusion Algorithms like Leaky


Bucket & Token Bucket
help manage data flow.

Proper control ensures a


stable, fast, and reliable
network.

15
Thank You

16

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