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Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 network protocol designed to prevent looping in network topologies by placing redundant ports in a blocking state. It creates a single path between network points to avoid performance issues caused by data loops. STP operates through various port states and configurations, including root and designated ports, and can be manually configured to select a root bridge.

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32 views13 pages

Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 network protocol designed to prevent looping in network topologies by placing redundant ports in a blocking state. It creates a single path between network points to avoid performance issues caused by data loops. STP operates through various port states and configurations, including root and designated ports, and can be manually configured to select a root bridge.

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maria.cse8.bu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Spanning Tree

Protocol (STP)
Spanning Tree Protocol
(STP)
• Layer 2 network protocol
• Used to prevent looping within a network topology
• Avoid problems when arise on redundant path
communication
• If the flow of traffic is not carefully monitored and
controlled, the data can be caught in a loop
• Affecting performance and bringing traffic to a near
halt
• Originally designed for bridges (but have
improvements)
Source:
https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/spanning-tree-protoco
https://www.nwkings.com/what-is-stp
How STP prevent loop?
• STP prevents layer 2 loops by placing redundant ports in a
blocking state. These extra links acts as a backup that can
enter in a forwarding state if an active interface fails.

• Interface in a forwarding state behave normally. They send


and receive all normal traffic. While interface in blocking
mode only send/receive BPDU messages (Bridge Protocol
data units).

• By selecting which ports are in forward mode and which are


in blocking mode, STP creates a single path between each
point. This way, STP prevents from layer 2 loops.
STP Port States
• Disabled
• Blocking
• Listening
• Learning
• Forwarding
STP Modes
Bridge
• A network bridge connects and filters traffic between two
or more network segments. It operates on Layer 2 of the
OSI and is primarily used to extend or segment networks.
Bridge vs Switch
Bridge Switch
Software based Hardware based
Lesser no. of ports Higher no. of ports
Generally used for connecting two Generally used for connecting single
different topology (Segment) topology (Segment)
Method of switching of a Bridge is store Method of switching of a Switch can be
and forward. store and forward, cut-through, or
fragment-free.

Both filter packets based on the physical address (AKA MAC – Media Access Control –
address) of the sender/receiver. But Layer-3 switch would provide routing functionalities.
STP Configuration

•Root Port : The port to the Root Bridge


•Designated Port : The other port that is not
Root Port
•Non Designated (Blocked) Port : In a
segment, other port than the Designated Port
STP Configuration
• Command
• show spanning-tree
• show spanning-tree active
• show spanning-tree interface fa0/1
• show spanning-tree summary
• show spanning-tree detail
• Bridge ID = (MAC Address)
STP Configuration
STP Configuration
Manual Selection of
Root Bridge
• Switch( config)# spanning-tree vlan < vlan number >
priority < any value from 0 to 61440 but in multiple
of 4096 >
• spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 8192
• Alternatively, you can also use the following
command to make a switch as Root Bridge
• spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
Manual Selection of
Root Bridge
• Switch# show spanning-tree

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