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Lecture 1 - Introduction

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11 views8 pages

Lecture 1 - Introduction

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abhishek.ksingh.cd.che22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Radiation Biology and its Biomedical Applications

(BM512)

Lecture 1
Introduction
Logistics
Lectures
Monday: 9:00 AM to 9:55 AM
Wednesday: 9:00 AM to 9:55 AM
Friday: 9:00 AM to 9:55 AM

Class Venue: LT3.2B


OBJECTIVE
 To provide a fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms and
biological responses of human beings to ionizing and non-ionizing
radiations through the study of the effects of radiation on
biological
molecules, cells, and man including cancer and mutagenesis.

 The course will develop the ability to make objective decisions


regarding the relative risks and benefits of radiation use in a
Syllabus
Radiation Quantities and Units: Exposure, Absorbed Dose, Equivalent Dose, Effective Dose, Activity, Linear Energy Transfer.
Sources of radiation to the human population: Natural sources, Enhanced natural sources, Radon, Man-made sources, Average annual doses
from background and diagnostic medicine procedures.
Physiological and Cellular response to radiation: Indirect and direct action, Time scale of radiation effect, mitotic death and apoptosis, DNA
damage and chromosomal aberrations, Cell cycle stage and radiation sensitivity, Sub-lethal damage, Cell survival curves, Dose-rate effect, The
oxygen effect, Relative biological effectiveness (OER, RBE), Radioprotectors and Radiosensitizers. Effect of radiation on body organs and
tissues. Early and late effects of radiation.
Radiation Induced Injury: Stochastic Effects and Deterministic Effects.
Diagnostic radiology: Dose and exposure in diagnostic radiology, X-ray procedures, CT procedures, Mammography, Fluoroscopy.
Radiation hazards and protection: Static magnetic fields, Radiofrequency fields, Objectives of radiation protection, Occupational exposure, As
low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
Radiation oncology: Epidemiology, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of malignancies.
Recognition of the invasive and metastatic patterns for various tumors, staging and grading procedures and their roles in determining prognosis.
Appropriate chemotherapy agents for each site, their interactions with radiotherapy and side effects are discussed. Standard and emerging
applications of radiation therapy will be emphasized.
Readings
I. TEXTBOOK::
1. Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection by Steve Forshier, Delmar Cengage Learning.
2. Radiation Biology of Medical Imaging by Charles A. Kelsey, Wiley-Blackwell.
3. Radiobiology for the Radiologist by Eric J. Hall , Amato J. Giaccia, Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins.
4. Radiation Biology, Gopal B. Saha, Springer 2nd edition

II. *REFERENCE BOOKS::


5. Radiation Biology: A Handbook for Teachers and Students, IAEA ebook.
6. Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology by Edward C. Halperin, Luther W. Brady, Carlos
A. Perez, Wolters Kluwer.
7. Practical Radiotherapy Planning by Dr. Jane Dobbs (Author), Professor Ann Barrett (Author),
Dr. Stephen L Morris, Hodder Arnold.
Gradings
Category Total Marks
Quiz / Assignment “1” 10 %

Mid Semester Exam 30 %

Quiz / Assignment “2” 10 %

Class Performance 10 %

End Semester Exam 40 %


What Is Radiation?
Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space and may be able to
penetrate various materials.

• Light, radio, and microwaves are types of radiation that are called nonionizing radiation.

• Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of
electromagnetic waves (gamma or X-rays) or particles (neutrons, beta or alpha).
Radiation Biology (Radiobiology)
• Radiobiology is the branch of science concerned with the methods of interaction and the
effects of ionizing radiation on living systems. It is a combination of biology, physics, and
epidemiology.

• The beginning of radiobiology was marked by three significant events:

• Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen’s discovery of X-rays in 1895.


• Antoine Henri Becquerel’s observance of rays being given off by a uranium-containing
substance in 1896, and
• The discovery of radium by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898.

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