Scribd
Upload
19 views19 pages

Quarter 3 Module 5

The document provides an overview of probability, including definitions of key terms such as experiments, outcomes, events, and sample space. It outlines probability rules, including how to calculate the probability of simple and compound events, as well as the concepts of union, intersection, and complement of events. Additionally, it includes examples and activities to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

metahatdog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views19 pages

Quarter 3 Module 5

The document provides an overview of probability, including definitions of key terms such as experiments, outcomes, events, and sample space. It outlines probability rules, including how to calculate the probability of simple and compound events, as well as the concepts of union, intersection, and complement of events. Additionally, it includes examples and activities to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

metahatdog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Quarter 3:

MODULE 5
Illustrating the
Probability of a
Union and Intersection
of Events
The branch of mathematics that deals
with uncertainty is probability.
Probability is a measure or estimation
of how likely it is that an event will occur.
a. Experiments – activities such as tossing or flipping a
coin or picking a card from a standard deck of cards
b. Outcomes – the result of an experiment
c. Event – set of possible outcomes resulting from a
particular experiment
d. Sample Space -the set of all outcomes in an
experiment
e. Sample Point – each individual outcome
Illustration of the terms:
Probability of Events
The probability of an event, P(event)
is a number from 0 to 1 which tells
how likely the event is to happen.

Probability Rules
1. The probability of any event is a number (either
a fraction , a decimal or a percent) from 0 to 1.
Example: The weather forecast shows a 70% rain.
P(rain) =70%
Probability Rules
2. If an event will never happen, then its probability
is 0
Example: When a single die is rolled, find the
probability of getting an 8.
Solution: Since the sample space consists 1,2,3,4,5
and 6, it is impossible to get an 8. Therefore, P(8) =
0/6 = 0
Probability Rules
3. If an event is sure to happen, then the
probability is 1.
Example: When a single die is rolled, what is the
probability of getting a number less than 7?
Solution: Since all the outcomes 1,2 3,4,5,6 are less
than 7,
P(number less than 7) = 6/6 = 1
Probability Rules
4. The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes
in the sample space is 1.
Example: In rolling a fair die, each outcome in the
sample space has a probability of 1/6. Therefore,
the sum of the probabilities of the outcomes is 1.
If a fair coin is flipped, P(T) =1/2 and P(H) = ½
Probability of Simple Events:
If each of the outcomes in a sample space
is equally likely to occur, then the
probability of an event E, denoted as P(E)
is given by
Examples:
1. What is the probability of getting a diamond from a
standard deck of cards?

2. What is the probability of getting an Ace from a


standard deck of cards?

3. A die is rolled. Find the probability of obtaining a 5.


Activity 6: See My Prob-ability!
Solve the following carefully.
1. Conie is asked to choose a day from a week. What is
the probability of choosing a day which starts with S?
2. Choosing a month from a year, what is the probability
of selecting a month with 31 days?
3. The sides of a cube are numbered 1 to 6. What is the
probability of rolling a prime number?
4. A box contains 3 red balls, 5 yellow balls, 4 blue balls
and 2 green balls. What is the probability of drawing a
red ball?
5. What is the probability of getting a heart from a
standard deck of cards?
Compound Events
Events which consist of more than one
outcome. A
compound event consists of two or more
simple
Examples: events.
• In rolling a pair of dice, the sample space is 6x6 or
36.
• In tossing two coins, the sample space is 2x2 or 4.
Probability of Union of Events
Examples:
1. In the experiment of rolling a single die, find the union
of the events A: “the number rolled is even” and B: “the
number rolled is greater than two”.
2. A two-child family is selected at random. Let B denote
that the event that at least one child is a boy, let D,
denote the event that the genders of the two children
differ and let M denote the event that the genders of
the two children match. Find: a. B U D b. B U M.
Example:
3. The Venn Diagram shows the probabilities of grade 10
students joining either soccer (S) or basketball (B).
Use the Venn Diagram to find the probabilities.
a. P(B)
b. P(S)
c. P(B U S)
Probability of Intersection of Events
Examples:
1. In the experiment of rolling a single die, find the
intersection of the events A: “the number rolled is even”
and B: “the number rolled is greater than two”.

2. In the experiment of rolling a single die, find the


intersection of the events A: “the number rolled is odd”
and B: “the number rolled is less than three”.
Example:
3. The Venn Diagram shows the probabilities of grade 10
students joining either soccer (S) or basketball (B). What
is P(B S)?
Complement of an Event
The complement of an event is the set of
all outcomes that are NOT in the event.
This means that if the probability of an
event , A is P(A), then the probability that
the event would not occur ( also known
as complementary event) is 1-P(A),
denoted by P(A’).

FORMULA: P (A’) = 1 - P ( A )
Examples:
1. Consider the Venn Diagram below.
Sample Space: 1,2,3,4,5,6}
a. What is the probability of getting a 3?
b. What is the probability of
complement of A?

2. If there is a 60% chance of rain tomorrow, what is the


probability of having a fair weather?
Finding Probabilities!
Study the Venn Diagram and answer the following questions.
The International Club of a school has 105 members, many of whom speak
multiple languages. The most commonly spoken in the club are English, Spanish
and Chinese. Use The Venn diagram to determine the Probability of selecting a
student who speaks:
1.Chinese 7.English and Chinese
2.English 8.Chinese and Spanish
3.Spanish 9.English and Spanish
4.Spanish or Chinese 10.does not speak
5.Chinese or English the three language
6.English or Spanish
Performance Task 2: Rock and Roll!
Determine the elements of the following operations. After
which , find the probabilities of each number.
Sample Space: { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A= {0,1,2,3,4} B ={ 0,2,4,6,8 } C= {1,3,5,7,9}
1.P(A U B) 6.P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
2. P(A U C) 7.P(A ∩ B) U C
3.P(A U B U C) 8. P(A’)
4.P(A ∩ B) 9.P(B’)
5.P(B ∩ C) 10.P(C’)

You might also like