GRADE 11

READING AND WRITING

SKILLS

1
 Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC)
The learner:
1. Compare and contrast
patterns of
written texts across disciplines

2
After going through this module, you are expected to:

A. Identify patterns of written texts

across disciplines
B. Distinguish the patterns of the written
text
C. Examine statements using patterns of
the
written text
D.Analyze writing patterns used in written
texts 3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
NARRATION AND DEFINITION AND
DESCRIPTION EXEMPLIFICATION &
CLASSIFICATION

03 04
CAUSE & EFFECT AND PROBLEM-SOLUTION
COMPARISON & AND PERSUASION
CONTRAST

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 PARAGRAPH
A paragraph is a group of sentences that convey an idea. Each
sentence works together as part of a unit to create an overall
thought or impression.
It has three parts: topic sentence, supporting sentences and
clincher.

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 PARAGRAPH
The topic sentence clearly states the subject or the main point of the whole paragraph.

. The supporting sentences show details and examples to prove your point.

A clincher wraps up the point of the paragraph

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Let’s take for example the situation of Elmer

He has a friend in Malaysia. His friend, Ahmad, wants to know more

about his school. He will be transferring soon here in General
Santos City. He then asks Elmer the steps and process of
enrolment. Elmer then starts to enumerate the process before he
can finally be able to reply to Ahmad.

Read the following sentences of:

1. Submit documents in the Registrar.
2. Take an exam.
3. Talk to the principal and the guidance
counselor.

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WHAT IS A PATTERN OF A WRITTEN TEXT?

• a specific strategy or method that a writer uses

to develop ideas in a paragraph.
• suggests a type of support to an idea that one
can use in a type of paragraph.
• also helps a writer how to make sense of the
different pieces of information

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 0
1
NARRATION AND
DESCRIPTION

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 NARRATION

emphasizes the
what, when, and
where something
happened

action words
and transitional
Narrate or words
tell a story NARRATION characterized
a paragraph

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TAKE NOTE
Transitional words show the change of
actions of the character(s) and connect
events in the story.
For example, afterwards, meanwhile, at night,
after, at present, next, then, earlier, suddenly,
before, at last, meanwhile, eventually

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 EXAMPLE

Yesterday, Thea and her two brothers, Michael and Edward

had the most wonderful time together. They strolled in the
mall. They went inside the department store and bought
bucket hats and matching shirts. Next, for lunch, they ate at
their favorite restaurant, ordered the usual chicken and rice
combo and shared many funny moments. After that, they
watched a comedy movie and laughed their hearts out. After
a long day, they went home tired but fulfilled. They definitely
shared good moments together and bonded more as siblings.

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 DESCRIPTION

use powerful and

appropriate
adjectives and use
effectively the five
senses

objective
gives description
characteristics DESCRIPTION and subjective
or details description

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TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES

2. Description
- used by writers to describe something
- it may be an object, a person, place, experience,
emotion, situation, event, etc.
 SIGNAL WORDS

• here • inside
• above • outside
• beside • nearby
• below • next to
• beyond • on the far
• further side
● behind

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 EXAMPLE

Every summer, my brothers and I spend our vacation in my Lola’s

house. It always feels like my first home. It is already an old house. You
could already say it’s old because of the worn-out fences. Still, I love
spending my summer there. When you go inside, that musty smell
welcomes you or the smell of rice cakes from the kitchen. Lola really
loves to make rice cakes and my favorite is ‘suman’. Every day is a fun
day. My brothers and I would either play in Lola’s backyard with her
dog, Bantay or we go to the river nearby. In the next morning, she
would then cook delicious meals and they’re all tasty. Lola’s home is
always a happy home.

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You did a very good
job in this topic!

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 DEFINITION

defines a term or a
concept by its
characteristic,
function, example,
origin or effect.

explains a Subjective
comprehensive Definition and
understanding DESCRIPTION Scientific
of a concept, a Definition
term or an idea

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 TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES
1.Definition – used in explaining unfamiliar terms either to explain or to convince

a. Standard Definition – universally-accepted and rarely changes

For example: definition verb, nouns
b. Regulatory Definition
– assigned meanings based on an organization, regulating body and change on situations
For example: classification of typhoon signal as per PAG-ASA
c.Personal Definition
– depends on the interpretations of the writer and experienced by the
writer
For Example: what is a true friend?
d. Invented Definition – given meanings to word coined and as used by society
For example: the definition of “first blood” in Mobile Legends
 SIGNAL WORDS

● is defined
as
● as defined
as
● means
● refers to
● to define
● to illustrate
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 EXAMPLE

I was once asked by my college professor before, “What is

passion?” This is a typical question for a painter and an artist like me.
As they say, you will never excel as an artist if you don’t have
passion within you. What is ‘passion’? My teacher once told me that
passion comes from a Latin root ‘pati-‘, meaning ‘suffering, or enduring’.
From then on, my teacher taught me that passion is not just something
you earn in a night or after studying arts. It’s something you have to
learn over the course of life. I then learned that passion is something I
need to learn to feel by enduring not just the highs of life but also the
downtimes. It also goes with loving what I do.

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 EXEMPLIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION

Classification organizes
ideas or concepts in
classes, groups or
categories based on
criteria. .

Exemplification These patterns

uses examples further explain
to illustrate and EXEMPLIFICATION
the general
further explain & CLASSIFICATION idea in the
an idea. paragraph

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TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES
3. Classification
– used by writers to organize ideas into categories
– categorizing something or someone into a certain group or
system based on certain characteristics.

For example: kinds of On-line games

 SIGNAL WORDS

For exemplification For classification

● can be divided, can
● You can see be classified, can be
● for example categorized
● for instance For categorization
● specifically ● The first/second/
● such as third type, the
first/second third
category

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 EXAMPLE

You can be awesome on your ‘first day high’ in college by

being friendly, responsive and easy-going. In that case, you can
immediately have friends and be at ease in your journey to college.
First, be friendly. For example, always be the first one to say “Hi!” and
introduce yourself. For you not to look awkward, always wear a smile.
Next, be responsive. A first day is always a getting-to-know stage.
Whenever a person asks you a question, answer accordingly. Lastly, be
easy going. Keep your chill and just go with the flow. As long as it
doesn’t hurt or offend you, just go for it. Basically, these are the “must
be-attitudes” if you’re a freshman .

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Classification
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES
4. Comparison and Contrast
– used to show how two ideas are alike and different
- information presented by chunks and by following a sequence

For example: IOS and android are both system used in mobile cellular phones.
IOS is a more closed system which does not allow customer or user
customization while android system is more open as it allows users or
customers to download a wider variety of applications.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES

5. Cause and Effect

– used to explain why things happen, and the results of a certain phenomenon
- enumerate factors and possible outcomes resulting to phenomena or events
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES
6. Chronological
– used to show order of things, how something happens and the
logical arrangement of things
- lends itself in other text structures in a sense that in narrating
writers need to present a timeline of events
- in persuading people writers enumerate evidence in a sequence
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES

7. Problem and Solution

– used in showing patterns of organization where
a dilemma is explained either through a
solution
or a dilemma is explained and a solution/s
is/are given
Persuasion - This pattern organizes ideas to show how a
set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument.
Listing – organizes ideas or events using
enumeration.
LET”S TRY
THIS!

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 1

Last Monday, I heard a

scratching on my window ANSWER:
sill. The next day, I heard it
again. The next day after it, NARRATION
I heard it again. That time, I
checked outside, and it
was my lost cat.

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 2

I will never forget the salty

summer breeze last time I ANSWER:
went to the beach. I love
to hear the waves DESCRIPTION
crashing the big boulders
of rock.
in
It’sthe deep
also blue sea.
refreshing to dive

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 3

An extrajudicial killing is the killing of

a person by governmental ANSWER:
authorities without the sanction of
judicial or legal proceedings. It is
seen as unethical because it DEFINITION
bypasses the right of an individual to
due process. Extrajudicial in
dictionary terms means not legally
authorized.

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 4

. Given the information below, which

patterns of development are the ANSWER:
best ones to use in a marketing ad
for an art school?
Exemplification and
offers basic art classes, advanced Classification
art classes, dance talent
workshops, and singing talent
workshops; some students who
took the courses became stars

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 5

A narrative
paragraph ANSWER:
contains action TRANSITION
verbs and
words that
indicate time or
sequenc
e.

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 6

Suppose a witness is
writing a report on ANSWER:
the fire that broke out
in a footwear factory. NARRATION
Which pattern of
development can he
or she use in writing
the report?

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 ACTIVITY

Direction: Write a paragraph using the different patterns of written

text.
You are a travel blogger. You want to share the best travel
that you had before the Enhanced Community Quarantine
(ECQ). Using the patterns Narration, Description
and Definition, write a 10-sentence paragraph narrating
your travel experience, describing the beauty of the place,
and defining a certain tradition or practice that you
observed in that place.

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