DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEM

AGENDA :
• Fuel injection system
• Types of diesel injection
• Indirect injection
• Direct injection
• Common rail direct injection
• TDI injection system
• Pump line-nozzle injection system
• Unit injectors
• Common rail direct injection system
• HEUI fuel system
• Function of diesel injection system
• Working of diesel injection system
• Benefits of diesel injection system
• Conclusion
 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM :

* • Fuel Injection is the process of

introducing fuel into an internal
combustion engine
• The fuel is injected only into the pre-
chamber (where it begins to combust),
and not directly into the main
combustion chamber.
• the diesel fuel is injected into the
combustion chamber of the engine and
ignited by the high temperatures
achieved when the gas is compressed
by the engine piston.
TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM IN DIESEL
ENGINE :
• Unit injectors
• Pump line-nozzle
• Common rail direct injection system

UNIT
INJECTORS:
The electronically controlled unit
injector generates a high fuel pressure
using the integrated piston pump and
injects exact quantities of fuel into the
combustion chamber.
PUMP LINE-NOZZLE:

• Injector nozzles interact with Pistons in Combustion

Chambers
• When the Piston is drawn away from the Sparkplug, the
Injector Nozzle sprays a fuel and air mixture into the
Combustion Chamber
• Nozzles can be thought of as the “heart” of the engine.

COMMON RAIL DIRECT

INJECTION (CRDI) :
• Common rail is a fuel injection system found in
modern diesel engines.
• Common rail systems provide a level of flexibility
which can be exploited for class leading emission
control, power and fuel consumption.

PARTS OF DIESEL FUEL INJECTION

SYSTEM :
The diesel fuel injection system consists of:
• fuel injection pump - pressurizes fuel to high pressure
• high-pressure pipe - sends fuel to the injection nozzle
• injection nozzle - injects the fuel into the cylinder
• feed pump – sucks fuel from the fuel tank
• fuel filter - filtrates the fuel
INDIRECT INJECTION :
• Indirect injection is a diesel
engine injection system in
which ignition is started
before the burning mixture
enters the main combustion
chamber.
• Indirect injection engines are
cheaper to build and it is
easier to produce smooth,
quiet-running vehicles.
DIRECT INJECTION SYSTEM :

• Direct injection (DI) is a fuel delivery system

common in modern cars with gas and
diesel engines.
• Rather than a fuel/air mixture entering the
engine's cylinders through the intake
valves, an injector sprays fuel directly into
the combustion chamber in an engine with
direct injection.
HEUI INJECTION SYSTEM :

• The HEUI is a unit injection

system that uses hydraulics for
building fuel pressure
• But while the hydraulics is
electronically operated, it is
powered by high oil pressure.
• This pressurized oil is
transferred by a High-Pressure
Oil Pump (HPOP) connected to
the HEUI system, hence the
name HEUI pump.
FUNCTION OF DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEM :
• Feeding fuel : Pump elements such as the cylinder and plunger are built
into the injection pump body. The fuel is compressed to high pressure when
the cam lifts the plunger, and is then sent to the injector
• Adjusting fuel quantity: In diesel engines the intake of air is almost
constant, irrespective of the rotating speed and load. If the injection quantity
is changed with the engine speed and the injection timing is constant, the
output and fuel consumption change. Since the engine output is almost
proportional to the injection quantity, this is adjusted by the accelerator
pedal.
• Adjusting injection timing: Ignition delay is the period of time between the
point when the fuel is injected, ignited and combusted and when maximum
combustion pressure is reached. As this period of time is almost constant,
irrespective of engine speed, a timer is used to adjust and change injection
timing – enabling optimum combustion to be achieved.
 • Atomising fuel : When fuel is pressurized by the injection
pump and then atomised from the injection nozzle, it mixes
thoroughly with air, thus improving ignition. The result is
complete combustion

WORKING OF DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEM :

• A diesel fuel injection system differs from a gas engine in that the diesel fuel gets
injected directly into the cylinder.
• In a gas engine, a port injection or a carburetor is used to inject fuel prior to the
intake stroke (outside the cylinder) where the fuel mixes with air before it enters
the cylinder.
• he injector on a diesel engine is its most complex part. The pressure and heat
within a cylinder are quite intense and the injector has to be able to handle those
conditions while still distributing the fuel in a fine mist.
• qually important, the mist needs to be distributed evenly throughout the cylinder.
Some diesel engines use induction valves, pre-combustion chambers or another
type of device to swirl air through the combustion chamber.
• This process helps distribute the fuel mist evenly and keeps the ignition and
combustion process smooth.
• Some diesel engines help the combustion process by using a glow plug, or
some other device that helps keep the air temperature in the cylinder at a
sufficiently high temperature.
• If the air temperature is too low, the fuel won't ignite. When the engine isn't
running, it obviously gets colder; as a result, a glow plug (which looks like
heated coils, like on a toaster) is needed to heat the air when the car is started.
• By keeping the air temperature high, the engine has a better chance of starting
in cold weather.
 ADVANTAGES:
• Lower emissions.
• Enhanced cold starting.
• Precise control of air-fuel mixture.
• Reduced maintenance compared to carburettors.
• Improved fuel efficiency.
• Better engine performance.

BENEFITS OF DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEM :

Your engine sounds quieter and has a better quality of sound. It also runs
smoother. You will see fuel consumption benefits as well because greater
injection pressure produces a finer spray of fuel (atomisation) that burns more
efficiently. Better combustion efficiency is a key part of meeting emission
standards.
REFRENCE :

https://dieselnet.com/tech/diesel_fi.php

https://automobilehut.in/2023/04/diesel-fuel-injection-
system.html
https://www.rpmdiesel.com/diesel-services/
understanding-the-common-rail-injection-system-in-
diesel-engines/
https://www.perkins.com/en_GB/resources/useful-
information/common-rail.html