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Bio in For Matics

Bioinformatics is the computer-aided study of biology and genetics, utilizing information technology for analyzing large-scale biomolecular data. Key applications include molecular medicine, gene therapy, and crop improvement, with tools like BLAST and FASTA for sequence analysis. The Human Genome Project exemplifies the field's significance in mapping human DNA and understanding genetic information.

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Tushar Yadav
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15 views18 pages

Bio in For Matics

Bioinformatics is the computer-aided study of biology and genetics, utilizing information technology for analyzing large-scale biomolecular data. Key applications include molecular medicine, gene therapy, and crop improvement, with tools like BLAST and FASTA for sequence analysis. The Human Genome Project exemplifies the field's significance in mapping human DNA and understanding genetic information.

Uploaded by

Tushar Yadav
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOINFORMATICS

• Bioinformatics is the computer aided study of


biology and genetics. The term bioinformatics
was coined by Paulino Hogeweg
• In other words, it refers to computer based
study of genetics and other biological
information. Now the science of bioinformatics
is gaining increasing importance in life science
especially in the field of molecular biology and
plant genetic resources.
• (i) It is the interface between computer and biology.
In other words, it is the application of information
technology in the study of biology.
• (ii) It utilizes information science for the study of
biology.
• (iii) It is used for computer based analysis of bio-
molecular data especially large scale data set
derived from genome sequencing.
• (iv) It is used for analysis of data related to
genomics, and other biological aspects.
Computer Programmes used in Biology:

• Various computer programmes are used for


the study of biological problems. Such
programmes include Microsoft word (MS
Word), Microsoft excel (MS excel) and
Microsoft power point (MS Power Point).
MS WORD
• It is a very useful programme for preparation
of project reports, annual reports, writing
research papers, varietal information system,
plant genetic resources data base, etc.
• (ii) MS Excel:
• It is useful Computer programme for various types of
statistical and biometrical analyses. It can also be
used for graphical and diagrammatic display of
experimental results.
• (iii) MS Power Point:
• It is widely used for preparation of slides and
presentation of results in various scientific meetings.
FIELD OF BIOINFORMATICS
 Molecular Medicine
 Gene Therapy
 Drug Development
 Microbial genome applications
 Crop Improvement
 Forensic Analysis of Microbes
 Biotechnology
 Evolutionary Studies
 Bio-Weapon Creation
 Experimental Molecular Biology

 In Genetics and Genomics

 In generating Biological Data

 Analysis of gene and protein expression

 Comparison of genomic data

 In Simulation & Modeling of DNA, RNA & Protein


The Human Genome Project (HGP

• The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an


international scientific research project with the
goal of determining the base pairs that make
up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping
all of the genes of the human genome from
both a physical and a functional standpoint.
• The human genome contains approximately
• 3 billion base pairs
SOFTWARE AND TOOL
• Software tools for bioinformatics range from simple
command-line tools

• To more complex graphical programs and standalone web-


services available from various bioinformatics companies or
public institutions.

• The computational biology tool best-known among biologists


is probably BLAST, an algorithm for determining the similarity
of arbitrary sequences against other sequences, possibly
from curated databases of protein or DNA sequences.
BLAST
• The BLAST program was developed by
Stephen Altschul of NCBI in 1990 and has
since become one of the most popular
programs for sequence analysis.
• BLAST is one of a number of generally
available programs for doing sequence
alignment.
• BLAST is an example of homology and
similarity
• BLAST is popular as a bioinformatics tool due
to its ability to identify regions of local
similarity between two sequences quickly.
BLAST calculates an expectation value, which
estimates the number of matches between
two sequences. It uses the local alignment of
sequences.
• BLAST-N: compares nucleotide sequence with
nucleotide sequences
• BLAST-P: compares protein sequences with
protein sequences
• BLAST-X: Compares nucleotide sequences
against the protein sequences
FASTA
• FASTA stands for fast-all” or “FastA”.
• It was the first database similarity search tool
developed, preceding the development of
BLAST.
• FASTA is another sequence alignment tool
which is used to search similarities between
sequences of DNA and proteins.
• The first line in a FASTA file started either with
a ">" (greater-than) symbol
• FASTA identifies identical matching words
using the hashing procedure.
• This property of fasta is not a benefit or
factual of FASTA over BLAST because It gives
less sensitive results
Data mining
• Data mining is also sometimes called
Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD).
Mining biological data helps to extract useful
knowledge from massive datasets gathered
in biology, and in other related life sciences
areas such as medicine and neuroscience.
• Data mining means filtering of correct data.
• It can detect mistakes.
• Apart from these, a data mining system can
also be classified based on the kind of (a)
databases mined, (b) knowledge mined, (c)
techniques utilized, and (d) applications
adapted.

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